1,720,971 research outputs found
Identification and solution structure by NMR of the conserved N-capping box important for the structural autonomy of the prion α3-helix. The disease associated D202N mutation destabilizes the helical conformation
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Toxoplasma gondii, a Foodborne Pathogen in the Swine Production Chain from a European Perspective
Full text linkToxoplasmosis is a foodborne zoonosis transmitted by Toxoplasma gondii, a cosmopolitan protozoan that
infects humans through exposure to different parasite stages, in particular by ingestion of tissue cysts or
tachyzoites contained in meat, primary offal (viscera), and meat-derived products or ingestion of environmental
sporulated oocysts in contaminated food or water. The pig is an important species for infection: raw or
undercooked pork consumption not subject to treatment able to inactivate the parasite represents a risk to
consumers’ health. Broadening knowledge of transmission ways and prevalence concerning this important
pathogen in swine, together with a thorough acquaintance with hazard management are key elements to avoid T.
gondii spreading within the swine production chain. This review aims to illustrate why toxoplasmosis should be
regarded as a veterinary public health issue through a careful description of the parasite, routes of infection, and
inactivation treatments, highlighting the main prevention lines from pig breeding to pork consumption
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
BIOFILM-FORMING ABILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM FOOD ENVIRONMENT
No full textStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is one of the well known pathogens that can live in a wide variety of
environments. It also has an inherent ability to form biofilms on biotic and a-biotic surfaces (1). Biofilm
formation is important for survival of S.aureus in the food industry (2). Currently, little is known about the
ability of food-related S.aureus strains to form biofilms (3).
The aim was to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability of S.aureus on food processing surfaces at 12 and
37◦C. Biofilm assays were performed on n.26 wild isolates. Biofilm was allowed to develop on polystyrene
and stainless steel at selected temperatures. After 24-h incubation, the amount of biofilm was determined
spectrophotometrically and results expressed as ’Biofilm Production Index’ (BPI) = [O.D.meanbiofilm surface
(mm2)-1] x 100. Biofilm was compared with reference strains: S.aureus ATCC 35556 (positive control
- BPIPC), S.aureus ATCC 12600 (reference strain - BPI12600) and S.epidermidis ATCC 12228 (negative
control - BPINC) for each isolate. All isolates were defined into different categories on the basis of their
BPIs values. The cutoff point for the biofilm production was the BPI value obtained by negative control
on polystyrene (BPINC = 0.294) and stainless steel (BPINC = 0.149). S.aureus strains showing ability to
produce biofilms were classified as weak (BPINC ≤ S.aureus BPIs < BPI12600), moderate (BPI12600 ≥
S.aureus BPIs < BPIPC ) or strong (S.aureus BPIs âL’e BPIPC). Finally, in order to evaluate the architecture ˇ
of the biofilms, the SEM analysis was carried out.
A strain-specific variation in biofilm formation within S.aureus strains was observed. At 37◦C, n.17/26
(65.3%) of strains were biofilm producer in at least one tested surface. A total of n.13/26 (50%) of strains
were biofilm producer on polystyrene whereas n.10/26 (38.4%) were biofilm producer on stainless steel.
Moreover, n.6/26 (23%) of strains were biofilm producers on both surfaces. In details, n.2/17 (11.7%) were
classified as moderate biofilm producer on polystyrene whereas they were no biofilm producer on stainless
steel. At 12Â◦C, all strains were no biofilm producer.
Our results suggest that the biofilm formation of S.aureus is influenced by environmental conditions
relevant for the food industry. This study attempted to investigate the biofilm formation by wild S.aureus
isolates and to correlate the BPI values with the SEM images
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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