1,720,957 research outputs found
Economic Analysis of Energy Poverty. Evidence from Côte d'Ivoire
No full textLa fourniture de services énergétiques est reconnue comme un fondement essentiel pour l’atteinte des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) à l’horizon 2030. L’Afrique Sub-Saharienne compte le plus grand nombre de personnes énergétiquement pauvres : plus de 600 millions de personnes qui n’ont pas accès à l’électricité et plus de 905 millions de personnes qui continuent d’utiliser la biomasse traditionnelle pour satisfaire leurs besoins énergétiques en matière de cuisson, en particulier dans les zones rurales (IEA, 2019). Cette thèse contribue à la littérature analysant le lien entre la pauvreté énergétique et le développement. Elle étudie le cas particulier de la Côte d’Ivoire dont le taux d’accès à l’électricité est un des plus élevés en Afrique de l’Ouest et en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Le premier chapitre dresse un état des lieux de la situation énergétique en Côte d’Ivoire. L’analyse documentaire met en évidence que malgré le déploiement des différents programmes énergétiques passés et en cours dans le pays, beaucoup d’efforts restent à faire pour atteindre l’objectif de fournir de l’énergie en quantité et en qualité à tous. Le deuxième chapitre construit un indicateur multidimensionnel de pauvreté énergétique adapté aux conditions économiques et sociales de la Côte d’Ivoire en vue de mesurer l’étendue et l’ampleur de ce phénomène dans le pays. L’analyse quantitative montre que la pauvreté énergétique touche près de 66% de la population en Côte d’Ivoire avec de fortes disparités entre le milieu rural (91% de la population rurale) et le milieu urbain (40% de la population résidant en ville). Ensuite, le chapitre met en lumière les déterminants de la pauvreté énergétique. Les résultats économétriques indiquent que les caractéristiques socio-économiques du chef de ménage, le lieu de résidence, le pouvoir de négociation des femmes et la composition du ménage sont les principaux déterminants de la pauvreté énergétique. Cette étude conclut qu’un effort substantiel des pouvoirs publics et des bailleurs de fonds est encore nécessaire pour permettre aux ménages d’avoir accès à une énergie propre.Le Chapitre 3 étudie les déterminants des choix énergétiques des ménages pour la cuisson. Nos résultats indiquent que l’âge, le statut marital et la distance à la ville principale affectent négativement le choix en faveur du gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL) comme principal combustible de cuisson par rapport au bois de chauffage en Côte d’Ivoire. À l'inverse, vivre en zone urbaine, dans une maison moderne, dans un ménage dirigé par une femme, un chef de ménage ayant un niveau de scolarité élevé, une richesse du ménage plus élevée, l'accès à l'électricité et la possession d'une cuisinière à gaz a un effet positif sur l'adoption du GPL comme principal combustible de cuisson. Nous proposons de renforcer le soutien à l’utilisation du GPL. Pour motiver le ménage à utiliser des combustibles propres pour la cuisine, les décideurs politiques pourraient renforcer les politiques de réduction de la pauvreté, augmenter l'offre d'éducation et rendre le GPL disponible dans tout le pays.Le Chapitre 4 s’intéresse à l’effet de l’accès des ménages à l’électricité sur le niveau de pauvreté en Côte d’Ivoire. (...)The provision of energy services is recognized as an essential foundation for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of energy-poor people: more than 600 million people have no access to electricity and more than 905 million people continue to rely on biomass for cooking particularly in rural areas (IEA, 2019). This thesis contributes to the literature by analyzing the link between energy poverty and development. It studies the case of Côte d'Ivoire, which has one of the highest rates of access to electricity in West Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.The first chapter provides an overview of the energy sector situation in Côte d'Ivoire. The literature review shows that despite the deployment of various past and current energy programs in the country, much effort remains to be done to achieve the objective of providing energy in quantity and quality to all.The second chapter constructs a multidimensional energy poverty index adapted to the economic and social conditions of Côte d'Ivoire to measure the extent and magnitude of this phenomenon in the country. The quantitative analysis shows that energy poverty affects nearly 66% of the population in Côte d'Ivoire with strong disparities between the rural (91% of the rural population) and urban areas (40% of the population residing in cities). The chapter then highlights the determinants of energy poverty. The econometric results indicate that the socio-economic characteristics of the head of household, the place of residence, women’s bargaining power, and household composition are the main determinants of energy poverty in Côte d’Ivoire. This study concludes that a substantial effort by governments and donors is still needed to enable households to have access to clean energy.Chapter 3 examines the determinants of household cooking fuels. Our results indicate that an older household head, a household head with a partner, and a household that is far from the sub-prefecture negatively affect the choice of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the main cooking fuel over firewood in Côte d’Ivoire. Conversely, living in an urban area, living in a modern house, a female-headed household, a highly educated household head, higher household wealth, access to electricity, and the ownership of a gas stove have a positive effect on the adoption of LPG as the main cooking fuel. We propose to strengthen support for the use of LPG. To motivate the household to use clean cooking fuels, policymakers could strengthen poverty reduction policies, increase the supply of education, and make LPG available throughout the country.Chapter 4 looks at the effect of household access to electricity on poverty levels in Côte d'Ivoire. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant effect of access to electricity on per capita consumer spending. We show that having access to electricity increases per capita household consumption expenditure by 5.2 to 23.3 percent. Furthermore, our results also show that the lower the regional rate of access to electricity, the higher the regional poverty rate. The various results of the study call for policies to combat energy poverty such as the promotion of renewable energies, the improvement of an institutional framework favorable to renewable energies, the extension of access to the domestic solar system to off-grid areas, and the implementation of incentives for the use of renewable energies (reduction of customs and fiscal taxes on equipment enabling the production of renewable energies)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Analyse économique de la pauvreté énergétique. Le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire
No full textThe provision of energy services is recognized as an essential foundation for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of energy-poor people: more than 600 million people have no access to electricity and more than 905 million people continue to rely on biomass for cooking particularly in rural areas (IEA, 2019). This thesis contributes to the literature by analyzing the link between energy poverty and development. It studies the case of Côte d'Ivoire, which has one of the highest rates of access to electricity in West Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.The first chapter provides an overview of the energy sector situation in Côte d'Ivoire. The literature review shows that despite the deployment of various past and current energy programs in the country, much effort remains to be done to achieve the objective of providing energy in quantity and quality to all.The second chapter constructs a multidimensional energy poverty index adapted to the economic and social conditions of Côte d'Ivoire to measure the extent and magnitude of this phenomenon in the country. The quantitative analysis shows that energy poverty affects nearly 66% of the population in Côte d'Ivoire with strong disparities between the rural (91% of the rural population) and urban areas (40% of the population residing in cities). The chapter then highlights the determinants of energy poverty. The econometric results indicate that the socio-economic characteristics of the head of household, the place of residence, women’s bargaining power, and household composition are the main determinants of energy poverty in Côte d’Ivoire. This study concludes that a substantial effort by governments and donors is still needed to enable households to have access to clean energy.Chapter 3 examines the determinants of household cooking fuels. Our results indicate that an older household head, a household head with a partner, and a household that is far from the sub-prefecture negatively affect the choice of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the main cooking fuel over firewood in Côte d’Ivoire. Conversely, living in an urban area, living in a modern house, a female-headed household, a highly educated household head, higher household wealth, access to electricity, and the ownership of a gas stove have a positive effect on the adoption of LPG as the main cooking fuel. We propose to strengthen support for the use of LPG. To motivate the household to use clean cooking fuels, policymakers could strengthen poverty reduction policies, increase the supply of education, and make LPG available throughout the country.Chapter 4 looks at the effect of household access to electricity on poverty levels in Côte d'Ivoire. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant effect of access to electricity on per capita consumer spending. We show that having access to electricity increases per capita household consumption expenditure by 5.2 to 23.3 percent. Furthermore, our results also show that the lower the regional rate of access to electricity, the higher the regional poverty rate. The various results of the study call for policies to combat energy poverty such as the promotion of renewable energies, the improvement of an institutional framework favorable to renewable energies, the extension of access to the domestic solar system to off-grid areas, and the implementation of incentives for the use of renewable energies (reduction of customs and fiscal taxes on equipment enabling the production of renewable energies).La fourniture de services énergétiques est reconnue comme un fondement essentiel pour l’atteinte des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) à l’horizon 2030. L’Afrique Sub-Saharienne compte le plus grand nombre de personnes énergétiquement pauvres : plus de 600 millions de personnes qui n’ont pas accès à l’électricité et plus de 905 millions de personnes qui continuent d’utiliser la biomasse traditionnelle pour satisfaire leurs besoins énergétiques en matière de cuisson, en particulier dans les zones rurales (IEA, 2019). Cette thèse contribue à la littérature analysant le lien entre la pauvreté énergétique et le développement. Elle étudie le cas particulier de la Côte d’Ivoire dont le taux d’accès à l’électricité est un des plus élevés en Afrique de l’Ouest et en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Le premier chapitre dresse un état des lieux de la situation énergétique en Côte d’Ivoire. L’analyse documentaire met en évidence que malgré le déploiement des différents programmes énergétiques passés et en cours dans le pays, beaucoup d’efforts restent à faire pour atteindre l’objectif de fournir de l’énergie en quantité et en qualité à tous. Le deuxième chapitre construit un indicateur multidimensionnel de pauvreté énergétique adapté aux conditions économiques et sociales de la Côte d’Ivoire en vue de mesurer l’étendue et l’ampleur de ce phénomène dans le pays. L’analyse quantitative montre que la pauvreté énergétique touche près de 66% de la population en Côte d’Ivoire avec de fortes disparités entre le milieu rural (91% de la population rurale) et le milieu urbain (40% de la population résidant en ville). Ensuite, le chapitre met en lumière les déterminants de la pauvreté énergétique. Les résultats économétriques indiquent que les caractéristiques socio-économiques du chef de ménage, le lieu de résidence, le pouvoir de négociation des femmes et la composition du ménage sont les principaux déterminants de la pauvreté énergétique. Cette étude conclut qu’un effort substantiel des pouvoirs publics et des bailleurs de fonds est encore nécessaire pour permettre aux ménages d’avoir accès à une énergie propre.Le Chapitre 3 étudie les déterminants des choix énergétiques des ménages pour la cuisson. Nos résultats indiquent que l’âge, le statut marital et la distance à la ville principale affectent négativement le choix en faveur du gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL) comme principal combustible de cuisson par rapport au bois de chauffage en Côte d’Ivoire. À l'inverse, vivre en zone urbaine, dans une maison moderne, dans un ménage dirigé par une femme, un chef de ménage ayant un niveau de scolarité élevé, une richesse du ménage plus élevée, l'accès à l'électricité et la possession d'une cuisinière à gaz a un effet positif sur l'adoption du GPL comme principal combustible de cuisson. Nous proposons de renforcer le soutien à l’utilisation du GPL. Pour motiver le ménage à utiliser des combustibles propres pour la cuisine, les décideurs politiques pourraient renforcer les politiques de réduction de la pauvreté, augmenter l'offre d'éducation et rendre le GPL disponible dans tout le pays.Le Chapitre 4 s’intéresse à l’effet de l’accès des ménages à l’électricité sur le niveau de pauvreté en Côte d’Ivoire. (...
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Les effets des panneaux solaires sur le bien-être dans les zones hors réseau: le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire
No full textInternational audienceIn Côte d’Ivoire, the electricity grid covers only 54% of the localities in 2017 while the country has a high solar potential due to a regular solar radiation. This paper analyses the welfare benefits of using solar home system as a source of electricity in remote areas in Côte d’Ivoire. We use household-level data gleaned from 2015 Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS). The household welfare is measured using three indicators that are income, education and health. To account for the endogeneity bias due to this simultaneity between welfare and energy use, we use a regression model with an endogenous treatment. The results confirm the positive effects of SHS use on welfare outcomes. Specifically, we find that the use of solar home system increases the household consumption per capita and the household average years of schooling by 41.96% and 1.79 years respectively and reduces the number of household members that report an illness by 2.35. The highly significant magnitude of SHS impact on the welfare in remote areas makes a powerful argument for implementing a policy for spreading its use
- …
