1,720,990 research outputs found
A rare case of Hoffa's fat pad herniation in a young patient: dynamic ultrasound and MRI diagnosis
No full text: Hoffa's fat pad (HFP) is part of the knee structure interposed between the joint capsule and the synovium. Recent studies have classified infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) disorders on a pathogenesis-based classification: traumatic disorders, post-traumatic disorders, lesions secondary to adjacent disorders. Masses or pseudo-masses may also be found within the IFP, however these alterations are much less frequent. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of masses and pseudo-masses of IFP and the first choice exam is a dynamic ultrasound study. We presented a rare case of Hoffa's fat pad herniation through the joint capsule, in a young child without history of knee injuries that has never been described before in the literature
Sonographic Evaluation of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee: A Cadaveric Study
No full textRotational stability of the knee involves not only the cruciate ligaments but also
another structure named anterolateral ligament (ALL), the function of which is still
controversial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-resolution ultrasound (US)
examination to detect the ALL. We studied 8 cadaveric knees (8 ALLs). On each knee,
high-resolution real-time ultrasonography examination was performed by an experienced
musculoskeletal radiologist before and after the procedure, with the surgeons
blind to the results of the scan both before and after dissection. The ALL was identified
in each cadaver limb by the musculoskeletal radiologist. US is a useful imaging modality
to identify and evaluate the ALL. The ability of US to fully evaluate injuries involving the
ALL still needs to be demonstrated in a clinical setting
Ultrasound diagnosis and Doppler monitoring of a pelvic spleen in pregnancy
No full textWe describe a patient with a pelvic spleen diagnosed during
pregnancy and monitored through gestation which we
believe to be the first reported case. A 40-year-old woman
was referred at 8 weeks of gestation because of a chronic
intense pain in the left iliac cavity which had spread to her
lower back. Clinical examination revealed a poorly defined
pelvic mass. Pelvic ultrasound demonstrated a gestational sac
containing a viable embryo whose size was consistent with
the period of amenorrhea. While the splenic area in the left
hypocondrium was found to be empty, a homogeneous and
elongate mass measuring 152
́
123 mm with a maximum thickness
of 53.4 mm was observed in the left iliac cavity above the
uterus. This mass, the ectopic spleen, was monitored by Doppler
velocimetry at monthly intervals until delivery and no variation
throughout gestation was observed; therefore, despite
the occasional occurrence of heavy pain, it was possible to
exclude circulatory complications such as thrombosis or
torsion. Doppler ultrasound proved to be a useful tool for
the differential diagnosis of this rare anatomical variation
MRI Quantitative Evaluation of Muscle Fatty Infiltration
No full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard technique for evaluating muscle fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy due to its high contrast resolution. It can differentiate muscular from adipose tissue accurately. MRI can also quantify the adipose content within muscle bellies with several sequences such as T1-mapping, T2-mapping, spectroscopy, Dixon, intra-voxel incoherent motion, and diffusion tensor imaging. The main fields of interest in musculoskeletal radiology for a quantitative MRI evaluation of muscular fatty infiltration include neuro-muscular disorders such as myopathies, and dystrophies. Sarcopenia is another important field in which the evaluation of the degree of muscular fat infiltration or muscular hypotrophy is required for a correct diagnosis. This review highlights several MRI techniques and sequences focusing on quantitative methods of assessing adipose tissue and muscle atrophy
Diagnostic imaging: pitfalls in rheumatology
No full textAlthough the diagnosis of arthritis and spondyloarthritis is based on clinical criteria, today the imaging methods are an indispensable aid to the rheumatologist. Imaging has not only the task of helping early diagnosis, but it has also a fundamental role in disease grading and therapeutic monitoring. In this scenario where many publications emphasize the importance of identifying synovitis and erosions at an early stage, it is essential to know the possible pitfalls which can determine both false positives and false negatives. The high variability of the musculoskeletal system anatomy makes it necessary to have a correct knowledge of all anatomical complexes, in order not to confuse them with the pathology. Moreover, the correct and standardized method of the execution and interpretation of the exams, such as ultrasound, is crucial to identifying and correctly monitoring the pathological hallmarks of the arthritis. This paper aims to provide an instrument to radiologists, highlighting the main imaging pitfalls in ultrasound and magnetic resonance which may be encountered in daily practice
Traumatic avulsion of an aberrant right subclavian artery associated with a diverticulum of Kommerell in a patient with bicarotid trunk: multidetector CT diagnosis
No full textLong head of the biceps tendon and rotator interval.
No full textThe term "biceps brachii" is a Latin phrase meaning "two-headed (muscle) of the arm." As its name suggests, this muscle has two separate origins. The short head of biceps is extraarticular in location, originates from the coracoid process of the scapula, having a common tendon with the coracobrachialis muscle. The long head of biceps tendon (LBT) has a much more complex course, having an intracapsular and an extracapsular portion. The LBT originates from the supraglenoid tubercle, and in part, from the glenoid labrum; the main labral attachments vary arising from the posterior, the anterior of both aspects of the superior labrum (Bletran et al. in Top Magn Reson Imaging 14:35-49, 2003; Vangsness et al. in J Bone Joint Surg Br 76:951-954, 1994). Before entering the bicipital groove (extracapsular portion), the LBT passes across the "rotator cuff interval" (intracapsular portion). Lesions of the pulley system, the LBT, and the supraspinatus tendon, as well as the subscapularis, are commonly associated (Valadie et al. in J Should Elbow Surg 9:36-46, 2000). The pulley lesion can be caused by trauma or degenerative changes (LeHuec et al. in J Should Elbow Surg 5:41-46, 1996). MR arthrography appears to be a promising imaging modality for evaluation of the biceps pulley, through the distention of the capsule of the rotator interval space and depiction of the associated ligaments. © 2013 Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli
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