265 research outputs found
Simultaneous multiple Helicobacter pylori infection identified by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) in duodenal ulcer patients.
No full textRepetitive sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) detects simultaneous, multiple strain infection in duodenal ulcer patients
No full textAcquired-multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori: Association of high- or low-level resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics with natural transmission
No full textDemonstration of unexpected antibiotic resistance of genotypically identical Helicobacter pylori isolates.
No full textWith use of multiple- and single-colony expansion procedures, the results of susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with duodenal ulcer were assessed by Etest. The H. pylori genotype was assessed by repetitive extragenic palindrome-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). There was a high degree of genotypic heterogeneity between different patients, but a single REP-PCR pattern was found for 92% of patients. In contrast, a high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity was shown among the isolated colonies. Antibiogram susceptibility patterns differed only with respect to metronidazole but not with respect to clarithromycin or amoxicillin. The 42% rate of resistance to metronidazole determined with use of the conventional multiple-strains expansion method was increased to 92% when the single-colony expansion method was used. Similarly, dual clarithromycin/metronidazole resistance was increased from 8% to 42% with single-colony expansion. Despite evidence of a single genotype in most patients, single-colony expansion shows that routine susceptibility testing may greatly underestimate the frequency of metronidazole resistance
Mechanism of acquired-multidrug resistance in Helicobacter pylori: Alterations of outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide
No full textHigh-level beta-lactam resistance associated with acquired multidrug resistance in Helicobacter pylori.
No full textFour clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates with high-level resistance to beta-lactams exhibited low- to moderate-level resistance to the structurally and functionally unrelated antibiotics ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, rifampin, and tetracycline. This pattern of multidrug resistance was transferable to susceptible H. pylori by natural transformation using naked genomic DNA from a clinical multidrug-resistant isolate. Acquisition of the multidrug resistance was also associated with a change in the genotype of the transformed multidrug-resistant H. pylori. DNA sequence analyses of the gene encoding penicillin binding protein 1A (PBP 1A) showed 36 nucleotide substitutions resulting in 10 amino acid changes in the C-terminal portion (the putative penicillin binding domain). Acquisition of beta-lactam resistance was consistently associated with transfer of a mosaic block containing the C-terminal portion of PBP 1A. No changes of genes gyrA, rpoB, rrn16S, rdxA, and frxA, and nine other genes (ftsI, hcpA, llm, lytB, mreB, mreC, pbp2, pbp4, and rodA1) encoding putative PBPs or involved in cell wall synthesis were found among the transformed resistant H. pylori. Antibiotic accumulations of chloramphenicol, penicillin, and tetracycline were all significantly decreased in the natural and transformed resistant H. pylori compared to what was seen with susceptible H. pylori. Natural transformation also resulted in the outer membrane protein profiles of the transformed resistant H. pylori becoming similar to that of the clinical resistant H. pylori isolates. Overall, these results demonstrate that high-level beta-lactam resistance associated with acquired multidrug resistance in clinical H. pylori is mediated by combination strategies including alterations of PBP 1A and decreased membrane permeability
Intertextuality and failed taboo humour in advertising
Get PDFHumour is often exploited in advertising to enhance the positive image of a brand or corporate company, as well as to promote products or services. Advertisers seek the involvement of the audience via covert or overt references that, in their opinion, may trigger humour and, hypothetically, result in a positive customer response. However, using intertextual humour in advertising can sometimes be risky because, even though the ideal interlocutor is supposed to be familiar with the humorous reference the author alludes to, the latter can never be certain of whether it will be favourably received. The matter is further complicated if the advert relies on references that play on taboo or transgressive topics, which some may find humorous while others will consider distasteful. After all, humour is a phenomenon that varies according to individual cultures and historical time, as well as in terms of how it is perceived and whether it is appreciated. In this context, this study focuses on the use of intertextual taboo humour in adverts and campaigns that exploit both verbal and non-verbal texts. It particularly explores the reasons for the target clientele’s reaction, which has had a boomerang effect on the brand and company itself. The suggested hypothesis is that the simultaneous exploitation of verbal and non-verbal intertextual references (consciously or unconsciously) activates multiple targets and scripts that cause the intended humour to fail in its scope
JEAN VALJEAN’S DILEMMA AND UTILITARIAN ETHICS
Get PDFThis work is an evaluation, through the criterion of utilitarian ethics, of the resolution
of an intense moral dilemma in Victor Hugo’s 1862 masterpiece, Les Misérables. The
dilemma is faced by the main protagonist Jean Valjean. Valjean, a former convict, has
redeemed his life and has become mayor of a French city under an assumed name. Years
later, he learns that someone else has been erroneously arrested as him, and Valjean is
faced with the choice of letting this man be convicted and sent to a horrible punishment
in the galleys, or revealing his identity and facing reimprisonment himself in order to
save him. In doing the latter, he acts according to the demands of deontological ethics,
for which the author of the novel explicitly commends him. Nevertheless, this work avers
that in making the latter choice, Valjean, in terms of utilitarian ethics, acts immorally.
It affirms this by showing, through the writings of Jeremy Bentham, that in morally
evaluating an action in utilitarian ethical terms, the happiness and unhappiness caused
to everyone affected by his act must be quantified and balanced against each other.
Due to the effect that the loss of their benevolent mayor has on other characters, the
saving of one individual cannot be seen to be productive of the greatest good. This work
then examines possible objections to this evaluation and through writers on ethics and
Bentham himself, shows that these objections do not invalidate the central argument of
the work
Skriveni sukobi sa neortodoksnim prevodiocem: doprinosi Dore Gabe jevrejskoj štampi u Bugarskoj
Get PDFThe article presents the contributions of Dora Gabe to the Jewish newspaper „Maccabi“, published in Sofia from 1920 to 1940. She cooperated with the paper both as a translator and an original author. Gabe’s texts in „Maccabi“ have not been reprinted and are almost forgotten. This factor explains why they need to be revisited. First, I trace Edmond Fleg’s influence on Gabe’s ideas on Jewish identity, as the poet is a vivid promoter and a keen translator of Fleg’s work. Then this topic is represented in light of a hidden conflict between other journalists from Maccabi circles and Dora Gabe. The main argument of the text is that Gabe was criticized not only for assimilating into Bulgarian society but mostly because of her feminist ideas and her original, paradoxically anti-national viewpoints on the Zionist movement.U članku su predstavljeni doprinosi Dore Gabe jevrejskom listu „Makabi“, koji je izlazio u Sofiji od 1920. do 1940. godine. Ona je sa listom sarađivala i kao prevodilac i kao originalni autor. Tekstovi Dore Gabe u Makabiju nisu preštampani i skoro su zaboravljeni. Ovaj faktor objašnjava zašto ih treba ponovo razmotriti. Prvo, pratim uticaj Edmonda Flega na ideje Dore Gabe o jevrejskom identitetu, pošto je pesnikinja živopisan promoter i strastveni prevodilac Flegovog dela. Zatim je ova tema predstavljena u svetlu skrivenog sukoba između ostalih novinara iz Makabijevih krugova i Dore Gabe. Glavni argument teksta je da je Gabe kritikovana ne samo zbog asimilacije u bugarsko društvo, već najviše zbog njenih feminističkih ideja i njenih originalnih, paradoksalno antinacionalnih stavova o cionističkom pokretu.Tema ovog broja: "Balkanske Jevrejke" (the topic of this issue: "Balkan Jewish women")
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