1,720,967 research outputs found
La gioco terapia focale in età prescolare. Il ruolo dei genitori
No full textLa gioco terapia focale consente di mettere in risalto le caratteristiche dell’autonomia nel rapporto con il cibo e con i contenuti evacuativi. Essa si basa infatti su un punto di partenza organizzato che permette al bambino di esprimere la motivazione a fare da solo in una condotta autoregolata e che, contemporaneamente, sviluppa l’alleanza con i genitori e l’integrazione del gruppo familiare. Offre pertanto un nuovo sistema di riferimento, così da favorire nel bambino un comportamento adeguato alle reali esigenze del suo sviluppo
In the eye and mind of the beholder: The effects of familiarisation on the perception of atypical infant facial configurations
Full text linkPerception of infant faces plays a crucial role in adult-infant caretaking behaviour, with adults being found to demonstrate a reliable attraction towards infant faces over other stimuli. When affected by a congenital facial malformation such as cleft lip and/or palate, however, adults’ visual scanning patterns and subjective appraisal of these faces have been found to be adversely affected. Little past work has explored how an observer’s prior experience with this specific malformation might play a role in the perception of cleft-affected infant faces. To this end, two groups of adult female participants were recruited and presented with 48 images of infant faces (24 typical, 24 cleft-affected) with one group subjected to novel, purpose-built familiarisation training, where participants were exposed to infant cleft lip/palate related visual and informational stimuli prior to testing (n = 43). Eye gaze patterns and subjective “cuteness” ratings from this group were compared with an age matched control group which received no training (n = 41). No between group differences were found for “cuteness” ratings or eye gaze patterns to the cleft-affected mouth area in isolation, however, a significant negative relationship was found between gaze duration to the mouth region of cleft-affected images and subjective “cuteness” ratings, for control participants only. Notably, this relationship was not observed for the familiarised participants, suggesting their modified prior experience attenuated the effect that visual processing had on subjective appraisal of cleft-affected faces, when these two factors were assessed in tandem. Our findings suggest it is possible to attenuate the typically observed aversive behaviour towards cleft-affected infant faces. This may have implications for clinical practice concerned with supporting adult caretaking of malformation-affected infants and policies related to increasing positive perception of congenital facial disfigurement
The effect of the home literacy environment on the development of written narrative skills in 8-11-year-old children
Full text linkNarrative skills have been widely studied over the past decades given their great significance to children's language and cognitive development. In spite of the numerous studies on narratives, little is known about the relationship between home literacy environment and children's narrative competence. To this end, this study aimed to examine the effects of home literacy environment factors on the development of written narrative skills. A sample of 54 Chinese children aged 8–11 years and their parents were recruited. Child written narrative skills were assessed, and parents were asked to complete the Home Literacy Environment Questionnaire. Children's written narrative skills were found to increase with age, and their quality was found to be positively associated with the frequency of informal literacy activities offered by parents in the home environment. These findings highlight the important impact of the home literacy environment on the early development of children's language competence
Procreazione medicalmente assistita: benessere psico-fisico ed emotivo di coppia durante il trattamento medico e il periodo della gravidanza
No full textThe role of maternal sensitivity, infant temperament, and emotional context in the development of emotion regulation
Full text linkChild emotion regulation (ER) is a multifaced system influenced by extrinsic (parenting), intrinsic (temperament) and contextual factors. Even though establishing how these factors work together is important for understanding ER developmental processes, exploration of them together has been rare, particularly in early infancy. Using a longitudinal and observational design including anger- and fear-inducing tasks, we assessed maternal sensitivity at 2-3 months (n. 144 observations) and ER at 9 months (i.e., intensity of distress, self-soothing, distraction, communicative behaviours; n. 130 observations), as well as mother-reported infant temperament. Results showed that emotional context influenced maternal sensitivity (higher in frustrating compared to novel contexts) and ER strategies (e.g., communicative behaviours were used more often when facing frustration than novelty). The effect of emotional context on ER strategies was mediated by maternal sensitivity (e.g., during frustration, higher sensitivity increased the odds of self-soothing and communicative behaviours) and moderated by temperament: greater maternal sensitivity in the context of frustration increased self-soothing in highly negative reactive children, and communicative behaviours in low reactive children. Results are discussed within ER and differential susceptibility theories to better understand ER development in early infancy and help inform effective support programmes for parents and children aimed at the prevention of emotional difficulties later in childhood
The Impact of a Mother-Infant Intervention on Parenting and Infant Response to Challenge: a pilot RCT with Adolescent Mothers in El Salvador
Full text linkA pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in El Salvador of an intervention (‘Thula Sana’) previously shown to enhance maternal sensitivity and infant security of attachment in a South African sample. In El Salvador, trained community workers delivered the intervention from late pregnancy to 6 months postpartum as part of a home-visiting programme. The sample comprised 64 pregnant adolescent women, aged 14–19 years, living in predominantly rural settings. They were randomised to receive either the intervention or normal care. Demographic information was collected at baseline and, immediately post-intervention, blind assessments were made of parental sensitivity and infant emotion regulation. The intervention was found to have a substantial positive impact on maternal sensitivity. Further, compared to control group, infants in the intervention group showed more regulated behaviour: in a social challenge task they showed more attempts to restore communication, and in a non-social challenge task they showed more social and goal-directed behaviour. This replication and extension of the South African findings in a small El Salvador sample shows promise and justifies the conduct of a large-scale RCT in a Central or South American context
Genitorialità e Procreazione Medicalmente Assistita: una transizione complessa
No full textL’incapacità di procreare riguarda oggi fra gli 80 e i 168 milioni di persone nel mondo, con un’incidenza di coppie affette da infertilità primaria o secondaria con stime dal 10% al 20%, con la tendenza a un costante aumento. Il “clima” culturale ed emotivo della coppia infertile e le caratteristiche individuali influiscono notevolmente sulla reazione di fronte alla scoperta dell’infertilità: la persona portatrice del problema può reagire con una gamma di emozioni che vanno dallo sperimentare stress e dolore psicologico transitori a manifestare una vera e propria psicopatologia. Le coppie sterili, in genere, vivono la loro condizione come un destino del quale non riescono a comprendere il significato perché il loro progetto di vita subisce un capovolgimento e sembra loro che il senso di continuità dell’esistenza giunga a un’interruzione. Vi è disagio per un corpo che non risponde più ai propri desideri e alle proprie aspettative, con la percezione che non sia più possibile realizzare quello che viene considerato come il più importante scopo di vita. Tutto questo si traduce in un profondo senso di impotenza e inferiorità, con vissuti di colpa e/o colpevolizzazioni che, indipendentemente dal contenuto e dalla persona verso cui sono diretti (se stessi o gli altri), impediscono di vivere in modo creativo altri aspetti della vita, condizionando quindi la persona anche in ambiti apparentemente non connessi.Inoltre, l’infertilità mina l’identità sessuale individuale e viene sperimentata come una grave ferita narcisistica: la diminuzione della fiducia nella propria capacità creativa può dilagare in tutti gli ambiti della vita, anche quelli che appaiono correlati in misura minore alla riproduttività
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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