1,721,133 research outputs found
Inquinamento atmosferico da particolato ed effetti sull'apparato respiratorio.
No full textVengonodescritte le' correlazioni esistenti tra inquinamento atmosferico da particolato ambientale ed incrementodi morbilità e mortalità per cause respiratorie. Verranno esaminate le categorie a rischio, rappresentatedagli adulti con BPCO e dai bambini che soffrono di asma bronchiale. Viene analizzato il danno acutoed il deterioramento funzionale progressivo a carico dell'apparato respiratorio causati dal particolato. L'attenzionesarà focalizzata sul parti colato fine che è il principale responsabile di danno polmonare perstressossidativo ed infiammazione con riduzione della funzionalità respiratoria. Verranno successivamentedescritti i meccanismi attraverso i quali il particolato causa un danno polmonare: in particolare lostressossidativo che innesca cascate enzimatiche culminanti con l'attivazione di geni che svolgono un ruolodi primo piano nella risposta infiammatoria attraverso l'up-regulation di alcuni mediatori proinfiammatoricomecitochine e chemochine. Il processo si manifesta con una iperespressione dei meccanismi dell'infiammazioneper cui, nel paziente affetto da patologie croniche dell'apparato respiratorio si perpetua ilprocessoflogistico accentuando le modificazione anatomopatologiche ed il quadro clinico
The Dark Side of the COVID-19 Treatments on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
No full textSince the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of 2019, a number of medications have been used to treat the infection and the related Coronavirus disease - 19 (COVID-19). Some of the administered drugs were tested or used in practice only on the basis of biological plausibility; a promising strategy was to target the host immune response, with host directed therapies (HDTs), to reduce systemic hyperinflammation and hypercytokinemia responsible for additional tissue damage. We summarize the treatments against SARS-CoV-2 and underline their possible effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Both SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb respiratory infections impair the host's immune response. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the impact of medicaments used to counteract COVID-19 disease in patients with Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). A number of these drugs may modulate host immune response by modifying LTBI dynamic equilibrium, favoring either the host or the bacteria
Gli esiti nell’adulto delle lesioni traumatiche dello scheletro in età evolutiva. Le lesioni traumatiche del polso
No full textOutcomes in adults of traumatic injuries of the skeleton in developmental age. Traumatic injuries of the wrist
PE_PGRS proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A specialized molecular task force at the forefront of host–pathogen interaction
Full text linkTo the PE_PGRS protein subfamily belongs a group of surface-exposed mycobacterial antigens that in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv accounts to more than 65 genes, 51 of which are thought to express a functional protein. PE_PGRS proteins share a conserved structural architecture with three main domains: the N-terminal PE domain; the PGRS domain, that can vary in sequence and size and is characterized by the presence of multiple GGA-GGX amino acid repeats; the highly conserved sequence containing the GRPLI motif that links the PE and PGRS domains; the unique C-terminus end that can vary in size from few to up to ≈ 300 amino acids. pe_pgrs genes emerged in slow-growing mycobacteria and expanded and diversified in MTBC and few other pathogenic mycobacteria. Interestingly, despite sequence homology and apparent redundancy, PE_PGRS proteins seem to have evolved a peculiar function. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge on this elusive protein family in terms of evolution, structure, and function, focusing on the role of PE_PGRS in TB pathogenesis. We provide an original hypothesis on the role of the PE domain and propose a structural model for the polymorphic PGRS domain that might explain how so similar proteins can have different physiological functions
Pubic osteolysis simulating a malignant lesion. A case report with long-term follow-up
No full textPubic osteolysis is a rare pathology characterized by a painful radiographic destructive changes in the pubic rami, pubis or pubic symphysis that often follows a post-traumatic event. The etiology is unclear but it is a benign lesion, frequently misinterpreted as malignant. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with pubic osteolysis mimicking a malignant lesion, diagnosed after open bone biopsy, conservatively treated without any sequelae and followed-up 10 years after the end of treatment. Although in the majority of the reported cases, a previous trauma has been commonly referred, in our case the patient did not refer to any cause before the onset of clinical symptoms. Knowledge of this entity is important to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures, costly investigations or overtreatment
The Mycobacterial HBHA Protein: a Promising Biomarker for Tuberculosis
No full textA major goal in tuberculosis (TB) research is the identification, among the subjects infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), of those with active TB, or at higher risk of developing active disease, from the latently infected subjects. The classical heterogeneity of Mtb infection and TB disease is a major obstacle toward the identification of reliable biomarkers that can stratify Mtb infected subjects based on disease risk. The heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) is a mycobacterial surface antigen that is implicated in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. The host immune response against HBHA varies depending on the TB status and several studies are supporting the role of HBHA as a useful biomarker of TB
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Full text linkthis study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions supervised by a physiotherapist in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, prospero protocol number CRD42020209453. five databases (pubmed, PEDro, scopus, web of science core, and EM-BASE) and reference lists with relevant articles were searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions supervised by a physiotherapist were compared with usual care or home-based exercise programmes. two investigators independently screened eligible studies. a total of 12 RCTs satisfied eligible criteria. the risk of bias ranged between medium and high. The meta-analysis results indicated that between supervised physiotherapy and usual care, the former was significantly associated with improvement in disease activity (standardised mean difference = −0.37, 95% CI, −0.64; −0.11; p < 0.001, I2 = 71.25%, n = 629), and functional capacity (standardised mean difference = −0.36, 95% CI, −0.61; −0.12, p < 0.05; n = 629). no statistically significant differences emerged when interventions were compared with home-based exercise pro-grammes. supervised physiotherapy is more effective than usual care in improving disease activity, functional capacity, and pain in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. no significant improvements emerged when supervised physiotherapy and home-based exercise programmes were compared. further investigation and RCTs with larger samples are needed
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