1,721,625 research outputs found
Resistance to newly approved and investigational protease inhibitors
No full textThe aim of this paper was to review recent literature on the HIV-1 genotypic and phenotypic resistance determinants of therapeutic response to newly approved protease inhibitors and the viral resistance pathways to these and to investigational protease inhibitors
Designs for clinical trials to test the efficacy of therapeutics in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy RID G-8810-2011
No full textThe design of a comparative treatment trial to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is outlined. We propose a large simple randomized trial with patient survival as its primary endpoint, completed in a short period of time and involving a cohort with as few enrollment restrictions as possible. We use stratification as the counterweight to the lack of exclusion criteria and suggest that proper stratification will attenuate differences inherent in a heterogeneous subject cohort. Estimation of power, sample size, and study duration, implementation of interim analyses, toxicity management, and validation of secondary clinical measures are also addressed
The interplay between transmitted and acquired HIV-1 drug resistance: the reasons for a disconnect
No full textAbstract non disponibil
Am I in Control? How the Design of the TikTok Feed Shapes Users’ Sense of Agency
No full textSocial media platforms increasingly rely on Attention-Capture Damaging Patterns (ACDPs) optimized to maximize user engagement, often at the expense of users' Sense of Agency (SoA) and perceived control. This paper preliminarily investigates how two core ACDPs in TikTok-namely infinite scroll and content autoplay-shape users' SoA at both reflective and experiential levels. By manipulating these patterns and replacing them with small design changes, we conducted a controlled laboratory study in which agency was assessed through self-report measures, interaction logs, and temporal estimation tasks as a proxy for experiential agency. Results indicate that replacing autoplay with explicit playback significantly increases perceived agency and reduces time distortion. In contrast, paginated scrolling produced more subtle quantitative effects, but emerged as the solution most favored by participants. Together, these findings suggest that small feed-level design changes can meaningfully support users' SoA, while also revealing a tension between intervention effectiveness and perceived intrusiveness
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen seroconversion after pegylated interferon-alpha treatment in an HIV-infected individual with chronic hepatitis B.
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Stochastic Modelling of Genotypic Drug-Resistance for Human Immunodeficiency Virus towards Long-Term Combination Therapy Optimisation
No full textMOTIVATION: Several mathematical models have been investigated for the description of viral dynamics in the human body: HIV-1 infection is a particular and interesting scenario, because the virus attacks cells of the immune system that have a role in the antibody production and its high mutation rate permits to escape both the immune response and, in some cases, the drug pressure. The viral genetic evolution is intrinsically a stochastic process, eventually driven by the drug pressure, dependent on the drug combinations and concentration: in this paper the viral genotypic drug resistance onset is the main focus addressed. The theoretical basis is the modelling of HIV-1 population dynamics as a predator-prey system of differential equations with a time dependent therapy efficacy term, while the viral genome mutation evolution follows a Poisson distribution. The instant probabilities of drug resistance are estimated by means of functions trained from in vitro phenotypes, with a roulette-wheel based mechanisms of resistant selection. Simulations have been designed for treatments made of one and two drugs as well as for combination antiretroviral therapies. The effect of limited adherence to therapy was also analyzed. Sequential treatment change episodes were also exploited with the aim to evaluate optimal synoptic treatment scenarios. RESULTS: The stochastic predator-prey modelling usefully predicted long-term virologic outcomes of evolved HIV-1 strains for selected antiretroviral therapy combinations. For a set of widely used combination therapies, results were consistent with findings reported in literature and with estimates coming from analysis on a large retrospective data base (EuResist
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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