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Essential and current methods for a practical approach to comparative neuropathology
Full text linkThe understanding of mechanisms that provoke neurological diseases in humans and in animals has progressed rapidly in recent years, mainly due to the advent of new research instruments and our increasing liability to assemble large, complex data sets acquired across several approaches into an integrated representation of neural function at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Nevertheless, morphology always represents the essential approaches that are crucial for any kind of interpretation of the lesions or to explain new molecular pathways in the diseases. This mini-review has been designed to illustrate the newest and also well-established principal methods for the nervous tissue collection and processing as well as to describe the histochemical and immunohistochemical staining tools that are currently most suitable for a neuropathological assessment of the central nervous system. We also present the results of our neuropathological studies covering material from 170 cases belonging to 10 different species of mammals. Specific topics briefly addressed in this paper provide a technical and practical guide not only for researchers that daily focus their effort on neuropathology studies, but also to pathologists who occasionally have to approach to nervous tissue evaluation to answer questions about neuropathology issues
Production Protocol Standardisation, Macroscopic and Histological Evaluation, and Growth Factor Quantification of Canine Leukocyte-and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes
Full text linkLeukocyte-Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is a second generation of platelet concentrates; it was widely used, as an autologous platelet-based wound sealant and hemostatic agent in surgical wound healing. L-PRF clot or membrane is a solid fibrin-based biomaterial, with a specific 3D distribution of the leukocytes and platelet aggregates. This biological scaffold releases growth factors (i.e., TGF- β1, PDGF-AB, VEGF) and matrix proteins (fibronectin, vitronectin and thrombospondin-1) during the healing process after the application. To the Authors' knowledge both in human and veterinary medicine a single standardised protocol was not reported. This prospective study aimed to apply Crisci's L-PRF protocol (which is characterised by 30” of acceleration, 2' at 2,700 rpm, 4' at 2,400 rpm, 3' at 3,000 rpm, and 36” of deceleration and arrest) sin canine species, evaluate macroscopically and histologically the L-PRF membranes obtained by using Wound Box to standardise the L-PRF protocol in dogs and to evaluate the clinical feasibility of using L-PRF membranes by quantitative in vitro analysis of growth factors over 7 days. One hundred twenty-eight dogs in good general condition with no history of recent NSAIDs intake (15 days of washout) and/or any medication or disease related to coagulation process met inclusion criteria and therefore were enrolled. We obtained 172 membrane L-PRF membranes by 86 dogs: half of them underwent macroscopic and histological analysis, the other 86 underwent ELISA analysis. The Wound Box gave a membrane of mean (±SD) length (cm), width (cm) and weight (g) of 1.97 (±0.89), 0.95 (±0.36), 0.46 (±0.20) respectively. Histology analysis confirmed a well-defined histoarchitecture with five layers reproducing density and distribution of blood cells in this biomaterial. Finally, the ELISA assay performed with 22 L-PRF membranes showed a peak in growth factors at 6 h after membrane production, followed by a decrease in release at 24 and 72 h and a second peak in release at 168 h after production. Statistical analysis of demographic variables (age, sex, and body condition score BCS) and the average of growth factors determined by the ELISA assay did not reveal statistical significance, except for the BCS factor compared with the production of VEGF. Our data confirm the effectiveness of this protocol and of Wound Box to produce L-PRF membranes in dogs
Evaluation of muscular proteins degradation to define post mortem interval (pmi) in dogs
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Pour-on alphacypermethrin is an effective treatment for naturalWerneckiella equiinfection in donkeys (Equus asinus)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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