1,721,827 research outputs found
Mesenchymal stem cells and autoimmune diseases
No full textMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) immunosuppressive properties offer a potentially attractive therapeutic modality for autoimmune diseases. MSC inhibit virtually all types of immune responses in vitro and prevent the induction of disease in several experimental models of autoimmunity. However, the processes involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases are more complicated and treatment cannot be administered before disease induction. In autoimmune diseases persistent antigenic stimulation recruits endogenous MSC to the site of lesion that contribute to the fibrotic evolution. Therefore, administering MSC to a chronic inflammatory disorder may not be desirable. In fact, MSC are not constitutively immunosuppressive but require a ‘licensing’ step provided by molecules of acute phase inflammation, like IFNγ and TNF-α, or toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Conversely, different cytokines and/or the stimulation of selective TLR make MSC to become immunostimulatory. Therefore, dissecting the inflammatory environment in autoimmune diseases will identify the best conditions amenable to successful MSC therapy
Disease relapse after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors and treatment
No full textDisease relapse is the commonest cause of treatment failure after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Adoptive immunotherapy based on donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) has a prominent role in the management of disease recurrence. Although the highest remission rates are achieved in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), encouraging results have also been reported in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. However, the experience of DLI in CML is not necessarily applicable to the management of lymphoproliferative diseases because of the heterogeneity of the conditioning regimens used in chronic lymphoid malignancies. We will review the role of DLI for different disease types in the context of conventional and reduced-intensity conditioning regimens. The factors influencing response and graft-versus-host disease as well as the optimal cell dose will be discussed. Finally, we will describe the main avenues currently being explored to improve the selectivity and efficacy of DLI
Regulatory T cells in stem cell transplantation: main characters or walk-on actors?
No full textAlmost 10 years have passed since the first experiments specifically addressing the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in stem cell transplantation (SCT). It is now time to try to dissect what is their actual impact in such a therapeutic context. In the present review we will initially remind the preliminary experiments exploring the Treg behavior in murine models of SCT, then moving to the first studies evaluating their influence on graft versus host disease and graft versus leukemia in humans. After focusing on some interesting aspects of Treg mechanisms of action after SCT, we will evaluate their activity after donor lymphocyte infusion as well as after reduced intensity conditioning and autologous SCT. We will conclude by briefly discussing possible therapeutic applications of Treg and highlighting biological and clinical issues which deserve to be further assessed in the next future
Reply to ‘Splenectomy status of the patient may have impact on response to donor lymphocyte infusions’ by Duygu Uckan-Çetinkaya et al.
No full textWe read with interest the recent letter to the editor by Uckan-Çetinkaya et al. concerning an article we have recently published in this journal. In this report, we investigated the factors affecting the dose required to achieve remission (effective cell dose (ECD)) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in an escalating dose regimen (EDR), concluding that the response to DLI is dose dependent and that the main factors influencing the ECD are the disease stage at relapse and the degree of donor–recipient histocompatibility
I marcatori delle cellule linfoidi
No full textSignificato dello studio immunofenotipico dei marcatori linfoidi in patologia e fisiologi
Adhesive joint use and aging in food machinery: A case-study on beverage filling systems
Full text linkThe objective of this work is to evaluate the introduction of bonding technology in the assembly of beverage filling machines. In this specific field, bonding has two potential great advantages with respect to welding, that are the speed of application and the absence of thermal distortions. Furthermore, since it presents fewer risks for safety at work, it allows the simultaneous execution of other assembly operations. On the other hand, the use of bonding requires a design process integrated by tests related to the specific application and operating conditions, that in the case of food machinery are: i) bonding of low surface roughness, austenitic stainless steel without surface preparation but degreasing; ii) contact of the joint with the chemically aggressive substances used for cleaning and sanitization. In the present study, first a technical-economical comparison with welding (business case) was done on a component of the structure of a filling machine. Then the adhesive appropriate for the application was identified experimentally with tests on single-lap joints (SLJ) with different surface finishes and subjected to chemical aging under the cleaning and sanitization agents. Finally, the scale-up to a larger and more complex structure was performed by joining two modules of the outer casing of a filling machine
Attachment and Psychopathology in Childhood
No full textQuesto capitolo passa in rassegna le attuali conoscenze sul rapporto fra attaccamento e psicopatologia nell’infanzia. Recenti capitoli in altri volumi (vedi Egeland e Carlson, 2004; Kobak, Cassidy, Lyons-Ruth, e Ziv, 2006; Ungerer e McMahon, 2005), forniscono anch’essi delle eccellenti trattazioni su questo argomento. Qui ci focalizzeremo essenzialmente su di un disturbo che dal punto di vista psicopatologico è abbastanza serio da attirare l’attenzione del clinico
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