1,721,090 research outputs found
Involving patients in setting the research agenda in drug addiction
No full textBiomedical Research; Humans; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Substance-Related Disorder
Trend and determinants of mortality in incident hemodialysis patients of the Lazio region
Full text linkBackground. In the last decades some studies observed a moderate progressive decrease in short-term mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. The aim of the study is to analyse the mortality trends in patients starting hemodialysis using the Lazio Regional Dialysis and Transplant Registry.Methods. Patients who started chronic hemodialysis between 2008 and 2016 were included. Annual 1-year and 3-year Crude Mortality Rate*100 Person Years (CMR*100PY) overall, by gender and age classes were calculated. Cumulative survival estimates at 1 year and 3 years since the date of starting hemodialysis were presented as Kaplan-Meier curves for the three periods and compared using the log-rank test. The association between periods of incidence in hemodialysis and 1-year and 3-year mortality were investigated by means of unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models. Potential determinants of both mortality outcomes were also investigated.Results. Among 6,997 hemodialysis patients (64.5% males, 66.1% over 65 years old) 923 died within 1 year and 2,253 within 3 years form incidence; CMR*100PY were 14.1 (95%CI: 13.2-15.0) and 13.7 (95%CI: 13.2-14.3), respectively; both remained unchanged over the years. Even after stratification by gender and age classes no significant changes emerged. Kaplan-Meier mortality curves did not show any statistically significant differences in survival at 1 year and 3 years from hemodialysis incidence across periods. No statistically significant associations were found between periods and 1-year and 3-year mortality. Factors associated with a greater increase in mortality are: being over 65 years, born in Italy, not being self-sufficient, having systemic versus undetermined nephropathy, having heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, cancer, liver disease, dementia and psychiatric illness, and receiving dialysis by catheter rather than fistula.Conclusions. The study shows that the mortality rate in patients with end-stage renal disease starting hemodialysis in the Lazio region was stable over 9 years
Mortality inequalities by occupational status and type of job in men and women: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study
Full text linkObjectives Socioeconomic inequalities have a strong impact on population health all over the world. Occupational status is a powerful determinant of health in rich societies. We aimed at investigating the association between occupation and mortality in a large metropolitan study.
Design Cohort study.
Setting Rome, capital of Italy.
Participants We used the Rome Longitudinal Study, the administrative cohort of residents in Rome at the 2001 general census, followed until 2015. We selected residents aged 15–65 years at baseline. For each subject, we had information on sex, age and occupation (occupational status and type of job) according to the Italian General Census recognition.
Main outcome measures We investigated all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular and accidental mortality, major causes of death in the working-age population. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between occupation and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women.
Results We selected 1 466 726 subjects (52.1% women). 42 715 men and 29 915 women died during the follow-up. In men, 47.8% of deaths were due to cancer, 26.7% to cardiovascular causes and 6.4% to accidents, whereas in women 57.8% of deaths were due to cancer, 19.3% to cardiovascular causes and 3.5% to accidents. We found an association between occupational variables and mortality, more evident in men than in women. Compared with employed, unemployed had a higher risk of mortality for all causes with an HR=1.99 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.06) in men and an HR=1.49 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.60) in women. Compared with high-qualified non-manual workers, non-specialised manual workers had a higher mortality risk (HR=1.68, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.77 and HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.40, for men and women, respectively).
Conclusions This study shows the importance of occupational variables as social health determinants and provides evidence for policy-makers on the necessity of integrated and preventive policies aimed at improving the safety of the living and the working environment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Palivizumab reimbursement criteria and neonatal RSV hospitalisation: a regional retrospective review
Full text linkIn Italy, reimbursement restrictions regarding palivizumab prophylaxis approved in 2016 have been revoked in 2017, restoring use in infants with Gestational Age (GA) >29 weeks. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) hospitalisations and prevalence of palivizumab use in infants aged <6 months during five seasons (2014–2019), were considered according to different GA. Although RSV hospitalisations rate showed no significant changes, during different seasons in all GA, lower prevalence of palivizumab use in 2016 (0.8% vs 0.3%), returned to a higher level following the revoke of restrictions. Changes in reimbursement criteria were not associated with neonatal RSV hospitalisations rate but with a significant impact on palivizumab use
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mortality inequalities in Rome: the role of individual education and neighbourhood real estate market // Differenziali di mortalità a Roma: il ruolo dell’istruzione e dei prezzi immobiliari del quartiere di residenza
No full textOBIETTIVI: studiare l’associazione tra livello di istruzione, prezzi degli immobili nel quartiere in cui si risiede e mortalità per tutte le cause.
DISEGNO: studio di coorte.
SETTING E PARTECIPANTI: dalla coorte censuaria del 2011 sono stati selezionati i residenti a Roma, viventi (da fonte anagrafica) all’indirizzo del censimento, di età compresa tra i 18 e i 99 anni. I soggetti sono stati seguiti, attraverso record linkage con database amministrativi, fino a dicembre 2016. I dati includono informazioni individuali quali genere, età, istruzione, quartiere di residenza, data di morte. I quartieri sono stati classificati secondo il prezzo degli immobili (euro/m2).
PRINCIPALI MISURE DI OUTCOME: mortalità per tutte le cause, analizzata con modelli di Cox.
RISULTATI: sono stati inclusi 2.051.376 individui (54% donne, 22,5% con un alto livello di istruzione). Durante il follow-up, sono morte 127.352 persone. L’istruzione è un forte determinante della mortalità. Tenendo conto di età, genere, stato civile e prezzo degli immobili nel quartiere di residenza, rispetto a chi ha un livello di istruzione alto, le persone con un’istruzione media hanno un hazard ratio (HR) di 1,16 (IC95% 1,14-1,19) e quelle con un’istruzione bassa hanno un HR di 1,35 (IC95% 1,32-1,37). Tenendo conto degli stessi fattori e del titolo di studio, a ogni mille euro di aumento del prezzo al m2 degli immobili corrisponde un HR di 0,96 (IC95% 0,96-0,97).
CONCLUSIONI: entrambi gli indicatori utilizzati sono associati alla mortalità per tutte le cause. Un semplice indicatore come il prezzo immobiliare può essere utilizzato per mettere in luce disuguaglianze nello stato di salute.OBJECTIVES: to investigate the association between real estate prices, education, and mortality. DESIGN: cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: residents in Rome at the 2011 Italian Census, not living in institutions, and living in the address reported in the Census survey. People aged 18-99 years were followed from 2011 to 2016 using anonymous record linkage procedures with administrative databases. The Census includes several individual information, such as gender, age, education, residential neighbourhood. Data and cause of death were collected from mortality register. Real estate prices (euros/m2) were available for each neighbourhood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: adjusted Cox regression models (hazard ratios - HRs and 95%CIs) were used to estimate the association among individual education, real estate price in the neighbourhood, and mortality. RESULTS: the subjects selected were 2,051,376 (54% women, 22.5% with high education level). During the follow-up, 127,352 subjects died. Taking into account gender, age, marital status, and real estate prices, education level was strongly associated with all-cause mortality; compared to highly educated the higher mortality, risk was 35% (95%CI 32%-37%) for low education level and 16% (95%CI 14%-19%) for medium education level. Taking into account the same factors and education level, each increase of 1,000 euros in price/m2 was inversely associated with mortality (HR 0.96, 95%CI 0.96-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: there is an independent association between the two indicators and mortality in Rome. A simple indicator such as real estate prices can be used to tackle inequalities
Potentially avoidable hospitalisation in Bologna, 1997-2000: temporal trend and differences by income level
No full textThe disadvantaged groups of the population experience the highest risk of hospitalisation for ACSCs, with differences by gender and age groups. Although it is difficult to specifically identify the mechanisms potentially involved in the relationship between socioeconomic status and excess of hospitalisation, the admissions for ACSCs may represent an interesting indicator of quality ofprimary car
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