120,772 research outputs found
Reference ranges of Presepsin in preterm infants in the first 48 h of life : A multicenter observational study
No full textBackground and objectives: Despite low incidence of early-onset sepsis, the majority of preterm newborns receive early antibiotic prophylaxis. Our aim was to assess reference ranges of Presepsin during the first 48 h of life in preterm infants and to evaluate the possible influence of neonatal and maternal factors on its values. Methods: This observational study consecutively enrolled newborns ≤ 32 weeks of GA at 0–6 h of life. Enrolled infants were sampled for blood culture, complete white blood cell (WBC) count, and P-SEP at 0–6 (T0) h of life and for P-SEP at 12 ± 3 (T1), 24 ± 3 (T2), and 48 ± 6 (T3) h of life. Cases of EOS were not considered for the statistical analysis. Results: Data analysis was performed for 183 patients. P-SEP median values were 583 ng/L at T0 (IQR 405–800 ng/L, 5th and 95th percentiles 204 and 1200 ng/L), 614 ng/L at T1 (IQR 450–812 ng/L, 5th and 95th percentiles 262 and 1171 ng/L), 604 ng/L at T2 (IQR 445–825 ng/L, 5th and 95th percentiles 292 and 1302 ng/L) and 513 ng/L at T3 (IQR 371–734 ng/L, 5th and 95th percentiles 249 and 1278 ng/L). P-SEP values are negatively associated to gestational age (GA) at T0, T1, and T2. Conclusions: We determined for the first time the reference ranges of P-SEP during the first 48 h of life in very preterm infants and provided its percentile distribution at T0, T1, T2 and T3. P-SEP measurement was affected by GA at T0, T1, T2
Pembangunan komuniti: Dasar, konsep, strategi dan isu di Malaysia
No full textSalah satu aspek yang penting dalam pembentukan kualiti kehidupan yang lebih baik dan masyarakat yang dinamik dan bersepadu ialah peruntukan aspek perancangan untuk kemudahan masyarakat yang bersesuaian, bersepadu dan
mencukupi. Penekanan di peringkat perancangan amat penting untuk memastikan kejayaan penyediaan kemudahan komuniti ini. Perancangan yang efisien dan efektif bukan sahaja dapat menyediakan komuniti setempat dengan kemudahan, tetapi
aspek matlamat perancangan kemudahan ini perlu berasaskan kepada ciri atau faktor kebolehsampaian (asessibility), kesepaduan (intergration), saling melengkapi (compelement to each components), tahap penerimaan dengan taraf sosioekonomi, sosiobudaya dan sosiopolitik dan memenuhi matlamat pembangunan setempat. Penyediaan kemudahan komuniti yang terancang akan membantu interaksi di kalangan ahli masyarakat setempat yang meliputi pelbagai bangsa serta membawa persekitaran pendidikan, pengetahuan, rekreasi di samping berupaya memupuk persekitaran untuk suatu masyarakat yang bersikap positif dan aktif serta progresif. Secara umumnya perancangan kemudahan masyarakat yang mencukupi dan efektif - berupaya mewujudkan suatu suasana yang bersesuaian untuk kehidupan berkomuniti, bekerja dan beriadah
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of insect herbivory on plant community dynamics under contrasting water availability levels
No full textPlant diversity is impacted by multiple global change drivers but also by altered biotic interactions with antagonist and mutualist organisms that can potentially affect species coexistence. With a 2-year, outdoor mesocosm experiment in realistic mesic grassland communities, we explored the role of insect herbivory in impacting plant community dynamics under contrasting levels of water availability simulating altered rainfall regimes. We selected a grasshopper species (Calliptamus italicus L.) feeding predominantly on forbs while avoiding grasses. High water availability reduced species coexistence, boosting productivity while decreasing individual plant survival. At the community level, herbivores were not able to promote species coexistence but asymmetrically influenced grasses and forbs, reducing forb biomass under high water availability. Herbivores shaped individual plant responses to both abiotic conditions and individual-neighbours’ interactions. Herbivores influenced focal plant survival by altering the effect of neighbouring plants, mitigating the negative effect of high neighbour biomass at low water availability and exacerbating it at high level of water availability. Synthesis. Altered rainfall has the capacity to change the relative strength of plant–plant interactions and also to determine the effects of herbivores on grassland communities. The complexity of the interactions between plants and herbivores and the observed context dependence indicate the need to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic drivers to fully understand the mechanisms underlying plant dynamics and species coexistence in a changing world
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Synergistic and threshold effects of GH1 and GHR promoter size variation on body growth and fat accrual in young Nelore (Bos indicus) bulls
No full textA synergistic effect in the somatotropic axis (GH1-GHR-IGF1) was observed in 736 young Nelore (Bos indicus) bulls under ad libitum grass feeding conditions on irrigated pasture in central Brazil. Stepwise substitution of shorter alleles of the promoter region of the growth hormone gene (GH1) and the P1 promoter of the GH1 receptor gene (GHR) with longer alleles was associated with significantly increased body weight gain (W550, weight at age 550 days; ADG, average daily gain) and fat accrual (FAT, rib eye fat thickness). A threshold effect on ADG was associated with allele size variation at the GH1. A best fit model indicated a 3-to 6-fold effect of GH1 variation on ADG, when compared to the variation at the GHR and a known microsatellite at the somatomedin gene (IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1). A threshold effect on FAT was associated with substitution of the short GHR allele by the longer GHR alleles; the effect of the GHR variation on FAT was 10-fold that of the variation at the GH1 and IGF1 loci. Among the 10 GH1-GHR-IGF1 multi-genotypes identified, the predominant genotype was homozygous for the large GH1 promoter (long/long, G2/G2 or domestic type), short GHR promoter (short/short or wild type), and short IGF1 microsatellite (short/short or wild type). This predominant multi-genotype suggests that selection pressure in the Nelore breed has been directed towards high ADG and W550, and low FAT. Our results mirror previous findings in the oMtla-oGH transgenic mouse model, in which the level of somatotropic gene expression acts through a threshold mechanism, and low expression results in adipogenesis, while high expression increases body growth
High-probability regret bounds for bandit online linear optimization
No full textWe present a modification of the algorithm of Dani et al. [8] for the online linear optimization problem in the bandit setting, which with high probability has regret at most O ∗ ( √ T) against an adaptive adversary. This improves on the previous algorithm [8] whose regret is bounded in expectation against an oblivious adversary. We obtain the same dependence on the dimension (n 3/2) as that exhibited by Dani et al. The results of this paper rest firmly on those of [8] and the remarkable technique of Auer et al. [2] for obtaining high probability bounds via optimistic estimates. This paper answers an open question: it eliminates the gap between the high-probability bounds obtained in the full-information vs bandit settings
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
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