5 research outputs found
The periodicity and solutions of the rational difference equation with periodic coefficients
No full textAbstractIn this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized solution and periodicity of the difference equation xn+1=pnxn−k+xn−(k+1)qn+xn−(k+1) with (k+2)-periodic coefficients, where k∈N, x−k−1,x−k,⋯,x0∈R. Also, we obtain that the generalized solution is periodic with (k+1)-period
On global behavior of a system of nonlinear difference equations of order two
No full textIn this paper we deal with the system of difference equations where the parameters a, b are positive real numbers and the initial conditions x-1, x0, y-1. y0 are nonnegative real numbers. We study global behavior of the above system. Also, we give rate of convergence of the solution which tends to unique positive equilibrium point of the system and illustrate our theoretical results by means of some numerical examples
Global behavior of solutions for a difference equation of third order
No full textIn this paper we consider the third-order rational difference equation. (Formula Presented). where parameter a is a nonzero real number and the initial values. Formula Presented). We here determine both the forms and the global behavior of the solutions of the above equation. Also, we show that the solutions are associated with Padovan numbers which contribute to explain the global behavior of the solutions. Copyright © 2017 Watam Pres
BEHAVIOR OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF A DIFFERENCE EQUATION
No full textIn this paper we deal with the difference equation y(n+1) -ay(n-1)/byny(n-1) +cy(n-1)y(n-2) +d, n is an element of N-0,N- where the coefficients a, b, c, d are positive real numbers and the initial conditions y-2, y-1, y-0 are nonnegative real numbers. Here, we investigate global asymptotic stability, periodicity, boundedness and oscillation of positive solutions of the above equation
Biotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium Isolated from Urine and Stool Samples
No full text© 2021, Author(s).Background: Enterococci are one of the opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms that can cause significant problems for human and animal health. Enterococcus faecium seems to be more resistant to antibiotics than E. faecalis. It is thought that pathogenic E. faecium can develop antibiotic resistance very quickly, and the ability to transfer this feature is considered to be an important health risk. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, biotypes, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of E. faecalis and E. faecium strains isolated from 267 routine urine and stool samples that were brought to the microbiology laboratory of Regional Training and Research Hospital of Van, with permission of the patients. Methods: In the present study, enterococci using species-specific primers to examine E. faecalis and E. faecium multiplex PCR tech-nique was applied. Biotyping of the isolates was used to identify them as E. faecalis and E. faecium by molecular techniques, and antibiotic susceptibility of all samples was examined, as well. Results: The isolates were identified by multiplex PCR using species-specific primers for E. faecalis and E. faecium. Biotyping based on 13 biochemical tests showed that 72.5%, 12.5%, and 15% of E. faecalis strains were of biotypes I, II, and III, respectively, whereas E. faecium strains could be divided into biotype I (10%), biotype II (12.5%), biotype III (27.5%), and biotype IV (50%). Additionally, all E. faecalis strains were found to be susceptible to penicillin G and imipenem. On the other hand, 95% of the E. faecalis strains were found to be resistant to clindamycin, 77.5% to tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 42.5% to erythromycin, 32.5% to gentamicin, and 17.5% to ciprofloxacin. Of E. faecium strains, 37.5% were found to be resistant to clindamycin, 32.5% to penicillin G, 27.5% to erythromycin and imipenem, 20% to ciprofloxacin, 17.5% to tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 15% to gentamicin, and 5% to vancomycin. Conclusions: In conclusion, the identification of E. faecalis and E. faecium strains by PCR is reliable and faster than biochemical tests. Additionally, the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests may provide important contributions to the clinical approach
