1,621 research outputs found
An iterative method for faster sum-of-pairs multiple sequence alignment
No full textReinert K, Stoye J, Will T. An iterative method for faster sum-of-pairs multiple sequence alignment. Bioinformatics. 2000;16(9):808-814
Textile and Clothing Safeguards: from the ATC to the Future
No full textThe Agreement on Textiles and Clothing established the textile and clothing safeguards regime from 1995 to 2004. The current safeguards regime for these products is defined in terms of the Agreement on Safeguards, the China Textile Safeguards, and the China Product-specific Safeguards. This article examines each of these three current safeguard options and assesses them in terms of a number of relevant dimensions. It also reviews safeguard actions to date to provide a sense of continued managed trade in this area.managed trade, protectionism, safeguards, textiles and clothing, International Relations/Trade,
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, List of Authors
No full textFront Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, List of Author
Safety and immunogenicity of a combined DTPa-IPV vaccine administered as a booster from 4 years of age: A review
No full textA combined DTPa-IPV booster vaccine was administered as a 4th or 5th dose after DTPa or DTPw priming. Over 99% vaccines developed antibody levels considered to be protective to diphtheria, tetanus and poliovirus, and >95% mounted a response to acellular pertussis antigens. Rectal temperature >39.5 degrees C was observed in at most 3.2% of vaccinees. Swelling >50 mm occurred in 24% of DTPa-primed compared to 5.5% of DTPw-primed children. Large swelling involving the entire upper arm (extending to involve the elbow joint) was reported for up to 1.2% of DTPa-primed subjects, which is consistent with literature reports for other DTPa vaccines.Jacquet, J.M. ; Bégué, P. ; Grimprel, E. ; Reinert, P. ; Sandbu, S. ; Silfverdal, S.A. ; Faldella, G. ; Nolan, T. ; Lambert, S. ; Richmond, P. ; Marshall, H. ; Roberton, D. ; Schuerman, L
The qualitative shift in European integration: towards permanent wage pressures and a \u2018Latin-Americanization\u2019 of Europe?
No full textLes "mondes lexicaux" et leur 'logique" à travers l'analyse statistique d'un corpus de récits de cauchemars
No full textReinert Max - "Lexical worlds" and their "logic" through the statistical study of a body of nightmare narratives.
The French school of data analysis, strongly influenced during the seventies by the work of J.P. Benzécri, owes much to his interest in language data. The development of desk-top publishing and the spreading of texts thanks to computers have revitalized this line of research by what is usually called the "statistical analysis of textual data" (Lebart, Salem, 1988). In this article, the author presents his work and questions in the field : the Alceste method and the notion of lexical worlds (which are central to the proposed strategy). The presentation is backed up by a specific application: the analysis of a body of 212 accounts of nightmares.L'école française d'analyse des données, fortement marquée dans les années soixante-dix par les travaux de J.P. Benzécri, doit beaucoup aux intétêts de celui-ci pour le matériel textuel. Le développement de la microinformatique et la diffusion des textes par ordinateur réactualisent ce courant de recherche à travers ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler "l'analyse statistique des données textuelles" (Lebart, Salem, 1988). Dans cet article, l'auteur présente ses travaux et ses interrogations dans ce domaine : la méthodologie Alceste et la notion de mondes lexicaux (qui est au centre de la stratégie proposée). Cette présentation est effectuée à travers une application particulière : l'analyse d'un corpus de 212 récits de cauchemars.Max Reinert. Les "mondes lexicaux" et leur 'logique" à travers l'analyse statistique d'un corpus de récits de cauchemars. In: Langage et société, n°66, 1993. pp. 5-39
R-parity violation at the LHC
No full textAbstract We investigate the phenomenology of the MSSM extended by a single R-parity-violating coupling at the unification scale. For all R-parity-violating couplings, we discuss the evolution of the particle spectra through the renormalization group equations and the nature of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) within the CMSSM, as an example of a specific complete supersymmetric model. We use the nature of the LSP to classify the possible signatures. For each possible scenario we present in detail the current LHC bounds on the supersymmetric particle masses, typically obtained using simplified models. From this we determine the present coverage of R-parity-violating models at the LHC. We find several gaps, in particular for a stau-LSP, which is easily obtained in R-parity-violating models. Using the program CheckMATE we recast existing LHC searches to set limits on the parameters of all R-parity-violating CMSSMs. We find that virtually all of them are either more strongly constrained or similarly constrained in comparison to the R-parity-conserving CMSSM, including the U ¯ D ¯ D ¯ models. For each R-parity-violating CMSSM we then give the explicit lower mass bounds on all relevant supersymmetric particles
Design of Unnatural Oligomers with Protein-like Tertiary Structure
No full textProteins play key roles in biological processes that are highly dependent on their three-dimensional fold. Given the therapeutic relevance of many proteins, significant research effort has pursued the development of unnatural oligomers with protein-like folds. However, as the complexity of the target fold pushes beyond secondary structure, the difficulty of recapitulating the native fold becomes considerably high. There remains an unmet need to develop methods for tertiary structure mimicry of proteins on unnatural oligomers. Accessing complex protein-like folds on protease resistant backbones would yield improved therapeutics with high target specificity and sustained biological effects in vivo.
The goal of the current work was to generate design strategies for tertiary protein structure mimicry. We selected GB1, a protein that adopts a compact tertiary fold, as a system for backbone modification. We systematically replaced residues in the secondary structures of GB1 and measured the resulting changes to folding thermodynamics and structure. Combination of separate modifications into one protein led to a mutant that showed evidence for tertiary folding despite having an ~ 20% unnatural backbone sequence. Furthermore, grafting the combined backbone alterations onto a side-chain sequence that encodes for a more stable and identical tertiary fold resulted in a significant stabilization of the folded state. The observations supported a general design hypothesis that proteins have two mutually orthogonal design sequences: 1) backbone and 2) side-chain.
The detailed effects of unnatural residues on protein folding thermodynamics were also examined and revealed several interesting trends. A series of α→β3 substitutions were implemented in GB1. β3-Residues are less conformationally restricted than α-residues, yet they entropically stabilized protein folding. Rigidification of the backbone through either cyclization or Cα-methylation respectively somewhat or significantly stabilized the folded state.
We studied other types of unnatural residues in the context of a small hairpin peptide. γcyc-Residues were found to stabilize the hairpin fold greater than the natural backbone. However when applied to GB1, the same strategy was detrimental to folding. Optimization of the location of unnatural residues resulted in a restoration of near wild-type folded stability.
Overall the developed strategies should be applicable to larger, more complex protein folds
Elpeytonius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, GEN. NOV.
No full textELPEYTONIUS REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING, GEN. NOV. Type species: Ochlerotatus apicoannulatus Edwards, 1912 (nom. nov. for Aedimorphus alboannulatus Theobald, 1905). Females Head: Vertex with entire area covered with narrow, curved, decumbent scales or with few to several narrow scales on anterior, median area; occiput and vertex with numerous erect, forked scales; ocular line narrow, with narrow, pale scales; eyes above antennal pedicels touching or separated by diameter of 2 ocular facets; antennal pedicel with mesal surface bearing few short, slender setae, few small, broad, dark scales present or absent; clypeus bare; maxillary palpus dark-scaled; proboscis dark-scaled with narrow, complete or incomplete, pale-scaled band near midlength, proboscis longer than forefemur. Thorax: Scutum covered with narrow, curved scales except bare prescutellar area; acrostichal (anterior and posterior) and dorsocentral (anterior and posterior) setae present; prescutellar area with 7–9 setae on each side; scutellum with broad, silvery scales on all lobes; paratergite with broad, pale scales; antepronota widely separated, with broad, silvery scales, several setae; postpronotum with narrow, curved, dark scales on upper area, posterior setae present; postspiracular area without scales, 3 or 4 setae present; scales absent on hypostigmal area, subspiracular area, lower proepisternum, lower and upper prealar areas and metameron; mesokatepisternum with small upper and small lower posterior patches of broad, pale scales, setae present; mesepimeron with small upper patch of pale scales, without lower setae. Wing: Dark-scaled, with small pale-scaled patch at base of costa; upper calypter with several setae on margin; remigium with 1 or 2 short setae on dorsal surface distally; dorsal tertiary fringe scales dark. Legs: Ante- and postprocoxal areas bare; hindfemur and hindtibia with pale scales at apex; hindtarsomeres 1–4 each dark-scaled with wide, apical, white-scaled band, tarsomere 5 entirely or nearly entirely white-scaled; fore- and midungues, equal, each with 1 tooth. Abdomen: Tergum I with patch of broad, white scales on laterotergite; terga I–VI dark-scaled dorsally; segment VII laterally compressed. Genitalia: Tergum VIII moderately pigmented, width greater than length, few scales on distal part; sternum VIII moderately pigmented, width greater than length, apex with moderate, median emargination separating small to moderate-sized, sublateral lobes, scales absent or few in number, seta 2-S inserted posterior to seta 1-S; tergum IX comprised of single, moderately pigmented sclerite, apex with small, median emargination separating small, rounded lobes, each with 2–4 short, slender setae; postgenital lobe moderately long, moderately wide, apex with moderate, median emargination, setae on distal part of ventral surface; upper vaginal sclerite moderately pigmented, small to moderate size; without lower vaginal sclerite; insula tongue-like, with 4–6 small tuberculi on distal area; cercus moderately long, moderately wide, apex broadly rounded, without scales; single large, spherical, spermathecal capsule. Males Head: Antenna with distal 2 flagellomeres disproportionally long, remainder of flagellomeres short with numerous long setae directed primarily dorsally and ventrally; maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, palpomeres 4 and 5 somewhat downturned, palpomeres 4 and 5 and distal part of 3 with several long setae lateroventrally. Legs: Foreungues unequal, each with 1 tooth; midungues unequal, larger one simple, smaller one with 1 tooth; hindungues equal, both simple. Abdomen: Terga with several moderately long setae laterally. Genitalia: Tergum IX moderately pigmented and sclerotized, posterior margin with pair of moderately large, broadly rounded lobes each with 3–6 short, slender setae; gonocoxite moderately long, moderately wide, dorsal surface with several short and few moderately long, slender setae on mesal area, several long, stout setae on outer area and on lateral surface, broad scales on outer part of dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces, mesal surface membranous; gonostylus attached at apex of gonocoxite, relatively long, approximately proximal 0.60 narrow, distal part broader with several minute, fine setae, terminal short, broad, leaf-like gonostylar claw attached to rounded apex, outer margin of approximately distal 0.30–0.40 with long, narrow, curved, finger-like lobe with minute seta near apex; aedeagus with 2 elongate, lateral sclerites each bearing few, elongate teeth on distal part, membrane-like dorsal flap covering lateral sclerites; proctiger moderately long, apex bluntly rounded, with 2 or 3 minute cercal setae; claspette developed as short, narrow, plaque bearing few short setae at base of gonocoxite; sternum IX moderately long, setae absent or with 3 or 4 short, slender setae on median, posterior area. Pupae Trumpet: Moderately long, narrow, darkly-pigmented; tracheoid area weakly developed at base. Cephalothorax: Seta 1-CT with 3 branches, long but noticeably shorter than 3-CT; 5-CT longer than 4-CT; 7-CT longer than 6-CT; 11-CT single. Abdomen: Seta 3-I very long, stout, single; 6-I longer than 7-I; 1-II multiple-branched, slender; 2-II, 3-II,III long, stout, single, 3-II inserted mesal or at same level anterior to 2-II; 6-II long, stout, single, longer than 3-II; 5-V longer than median, dorsal length of tergum VI; 9-VII branched, inserted anterior and lateral to and longer than 6-VII; 9-VIII with 6 or 7 stout, aciculate branches. Paddle: Apical margin rounded; midrib extending to apex of paddle; without hair-like spicules on margins; seta 1-Pa short, with 2 or 3 branches. Fourth-instar larvae Head: Seta 1-C slender, single; 4-C short, with 3–9 very slender branches, inserted mesal and either slightly anterior or slightly posterior to 6-C; 5-C long, stout, with 7–10 aciculate branches, inserted posterior and mesal to 6,7-C; 6-C long, stout, with 4–6 aciculate branches, inserted close to 5-C; 7-C moderately long to long, stout, with 8–11 aciculate branches, inserted anterior and lateral to 6-C; 12-C inserted mesal to 13-C; 13-C with several relatively long branches, longer than 12-C; 14-C short, single or 2-forked; 19-C absent; antenna moderately long, narrow, with several spicules, seta 1-A with 3–6 branches. Thorax: Setae 1–3-P not inserted on common setal support plate, 1-P > 2-P > 3-P length, 1,3-P branched, 2-P single; 5,7-P branched; 6-P single, longer than 5,7-P; 1,4-M and 1,2-T branched; 6-T single. Abdomen: Seta 7-I long, stout, with 2 branches; 12-I absent; 1,5,8-II branched; 1-VII long; 1-VIII longer than 2-VIII; 2,4-VIII single; comb with numerous scales in patch; segment X with saddle incomplete ventrally, acus absent, seta 1-X single to 3-branched, inserted on saddle, 2-X with 3–5 moderately long branches, 3-X long, single, ventral brush with several, fan-like, multiple-branched setae attached to grid with both transverse and lateral bars, several shorter, branched, precratal setae. Siphon: Acus present; pecten with several evenly spaced spines; seta 1-S with 2–5 branches, inserted distal to pecten. Included species Elpeytonius apicoannulatus and El. simulans (Newstead & Carter). Distribution Central African Republic, Ghana, Liberia, Republic of Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan and Uganda. Bionomics Immature stages of El. apicoannulatus have been collected from rot-holes in mango, pawpaw, cotton and various other trees, dracaenas, stumps of banana plants and cut stems of bamboos (Evans, 1926) [we note that Hopkins (1936: 130, 1952: 170) apparently misinterpreted Evans’ (1926) comments on habitats of this species] and tree-holes (Haddow et al., 1952, Hopkins, 1936, 1952). Elpeytonius simulans have been collected from bamboo stumps (Kumm, 1931) and tree-holes (Haddow et al., 1952; Hopkins, 1936, 1952). Females of El. simulans have been taken occasionally biting humans during the day in forests and plantations and rarely in forests during the night (Haddow et al., 1952) Discussion Evans (1926) briefly described and partially illustrated the male genitalia and fourth-instar larva of El. apicoannulatus (description of larva was noted by Edwards, 1932: 167). Hopkins (1936, 1952) described and illustrated the fourth-instar larvae of El. apicoannulatus (utilized Evans’ illustration) and El. simulans. Apparently, the description and illustration of the fourth-instar larva of El. apicoannulatus was not included in any of the Culicidae catalogs and supplements starting with Stone, Knight & Starcke (1959) to the present. Edwards (1941) provided brief descriptions of the female, male and pupa of El. apicoannulatus and illustrated the male genitalia. He briefly described the female and male of El. simulans and illustrated the adult female and male genitalia. Pao & Knight (1970) described and illustrated the fourth-instar larval mouthparts of El. simulans. The above generic description of the pupae and fourthinstar larvae are based on specimens of El. simulans and the published partial descriptions and illustrations of both species. Additional descriptive information is provided in Appendix 1 for species included in the analysis. Etymology Elpeytonius is named in honour of Mr E. L. Peyton in recognition of his important contributions to the taxonomy and biology of Culicidae, for introducing the first author (JFR) to the exciting world of mosquito biosystematics over 45 years ago, and for steering the interests of the second author (REH) toward a career in mosquito taxonomy. The generic name is masculine, formed from his initials (E. L., which were indicated without corresponding names on his birth certificate), surname and the Latin suffix ‘ -ius ’. Recommended abbreviation = El.Published as part of John F. Reinert, Ralph E. Harbach & Ian J. Kitching, 2009, Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), pp. 700-794 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 on pages 768-770, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x, http://zenodo.org/record/16489
Bread, Politics and Political Economy in the Reign of Louis XV
No full textA new edition of Kaplan’s landmark study on eighteenth-century French political economy, reissued with a new Foreword by Sophus A. Reinert. Based on research in all the Parisian depots and more than fifty departmental archives and specialized and municipal libraries, Kaplan’s classic work constitutes a major contribution to the study of the subsistence problem before the French Revolution and the political economy of deregulatory reform. Anthem Press is proud to reissued this pathbreaking work together with a significant new historiographic companion volume by the author, “The Stakes of Regulation: Perspectives on ‘Bread, Politics and Political Economy’ Forty Years Later.
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