43 research outputs found
The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material
No full textThe basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. This study investigates four detergents commonly used in the process of tissue decellularization and their effect upon the BMC. The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8 mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 h. The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. The composition was assessed by quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content. The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8 mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8 mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. Both 8 mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
CONSTRUCTIVE TISSUE REMODELING BY EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX BIOSCAFFOLDS WITHIN THE AGING SKELETAL MUSCLE MICROENVIRONMENT
No full textAdult mammalian skeletal muscle tissue retains inherent regenerative capability in response to injury. This regenerative response is contingent upon an activated progenitor cell population and a temporal transition from pro-inflammatory M1 to immunomodulatory and constructive M2 polarized macrophages at the site of injury. Specifically, pro-inflammatory effector molecules secreted by M1 macrophages promote the expansion of skeletal muscle progenitor cells, while resolution of the inflammatory response and myogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells is dependent upon immunomodulatory effector molecules secreted by M2 macrophages.
The decline in the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue associated with advanced age is largely a consequence of progenitor cell dysfunction. Furthermore, advanced age is accompanied with immunosenesence of the innate immune system resulting in an impaired macrophage polarization potential.
Biologic scaffold materials composed of mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) have been successfully used in both pre-clinical animal studies and in human clinical applications to promote constructive tissue remodeling in a variety of anatomic locations including skeletal muscle. The presence of ECM bioscaffolds at sites of skeletal muscle injury has been associated with a predominant M2 macrophage phenotype and downstream site-appropriate or constructive, functional tissue remodeling. The mechanisms responsible for this constructive tissue remodeling response are only partially understood.
The present dissertation shows that the age of source animals from which ECM bioscaffold materials are harvested represents a determinant factor of the constructive tissue remodeling potential induced by these materials. The present work also shows that degradation products of mammalian ECM promote the constructive M2 macrophage phenotype in both young and age-impaired macrophages. Moreover, effector molecules from macrophages exposed to ECM degradation products are chemotactic and myogenic for skeletal muscle progenitor cells. The present dissertation describes a new rodent model of volumetric muscle loss (VML) and an ECM bioscaffold based approach for tissue replacement associated with modulation of macrophage phenotype and the endogenous recruitment of perivascular stem cells
Khon phai rua sampan
No full textThe article presents the old photograph of a Thai man paddling a Thai style boat. The author estimates that this photograph was taken around in 1868 during the reing of King Rama IV. The author took this old photograph from the book entitled ""Siam"" written by Karl Dohring
Engineering contractile myocardial tissue using extracellular matrix scaffolds
No full textThere is currently an overwhelming need for functional replacement of diseased or damaged cardiac tissue. Biologic based scaffolds are an attractive tissue engineering approach to cardiac repair because they avoid sensitization associated with homograft materials and theoretically possess the potential for growth in similar patterns as surrounding native tissue. A strategy that has been investigated previously is the use of cardiomyocytes seeded onto collagen based scaffolds in order to engineer a contractile tissue. However, in order for this approach to be effective, the cardiomyocytes must be aligned and maintain contractility after seeding onto biologic scaffolds. UBM collagen fiber organization and cyclic mechanical stretch have each been shown to induce cell alignment while maintaining normal cell phenotype. In theory, a combination of these methods should yield a contractile tissue that may perform well when used to reconstruct myocardial tissue.
It was previously shown that a cardiac-derived ECM patch provides beneficial effects when compared to synthetic cardiac patch materials. Acellular UBM and C-ECM patches were directly compared in the present work as scaffolds to repair a full thickness defect in the RVOT of rats. By 16 weeks, only the UBM patches had degraded and were replaced with areas of new muscle tissue, which was in direct contrast to the integration response observed with C-ECM patches. Next, UBM scaffolds were seeded with cardiomyocytes and cyclically stretched in vitro. Cells preferentially aligned in the direction of stretch, showed intracellular free calcium transients, expressed contractile cardiac markers, and were visibly contractile. Cell-seeded UBM patches possessed the ability to repair the RVOT of rats and support the infiltration of cells. Cardiomyocyte seeded patches were also able to develop an endothelial lining and integrate into the surrounding native tissue. In addition, stretched scaffolds appeared to show preliminary indications of communication with the surrounding native tissue. Future studies are necessary to investigate translation to a clinically applicable model, but the methods described herein show that contractile tissue can be generated from ECM scaffolds and may also aid in functional restoration to myocardial tissue when used as a cardiac patch material
The reing of emperor Augustus: Significant legal and social phenomena
No full textSigni fi cant Legal and Social Phenomena during the Reign of Emperor Augustus Abstract This thesis focuses on Emperor Augustus, who can be considered one of the most signi fi cant fi gures not only in Roman history but also in world history. It examines both his rise to power and the subsequent restructuring of the administrative apparatus and the army, legal reforms, and other key actions undertaken by this important historical fi gure. The fi rst part focuses on the historical context following the assassination of Julius Caesar and the gradual rise of Octavian, adopted in Caesar's will, to power. This chapter examines the period of the peak crisis of the Roman Republic, events after the publication of Caesar's will, signi fi cant con fl icts, the formation of the Second Triumvirate, and the subsequent clashes among its key players, which directly led to Augustus' fi nal seizure of power over the entire empire. Emphasis is placed on the battles of Philippi and Actium as events that always resulted in the elimination of Augustus' powerful rivals. The second part deals with the reorganization of Roman administration, which played a crucial role in consolidating Augustus' centralized power. The structure of of fi cials was reformed, the position of the Senate was adjusted, and the administration of provinces...Signi fi kantní jevy právní i spole č enské za doby vlády císa ř e Augusta Abstrakt Tato práce se zabývá císa ř em Augustem, kterého lze považovat za jednu nejen z nejvýznamn ě jších ř ímských, ale i sv ě tových d ě jin. Zkoumá jak jeho cestu k moci, tak následnou restrukturalizaci správního aparátu a armády, právní reformy a další zásadní úkony tohoto významného historického hrá č e. První č ást se zam ě ř uje na historický kontext po zavražd ě ní Julia Caesara a postupný nástup jím v záv ě ti adoptovaného Oktaviána moci. Tato kapitola zkoumá období vrcholící krize ř ímské republiky, události po zve ř ejn ě ní Caesarovy záv ě ti, zásadní st ř ety a zformování druhého triumvirátu a následné st ř ety jeho aktér ů , které p ř ímo vedly k finálnímu Augustovu uzmutí moci nad celou ř íší. D ů raz je kladen na bitvu u Fillip a Actia, jakožto situacím, které vždy vedly k eliminaci mocného Augustova konkurenta. Druhá část se věnuje reorganizaci římské správy, která hrála zásadní roli při upevnění Augustovu centralizovanou moc. Byla reformována struktura úředníků, upraveno postavení senátu a změněna správa provincií, což vedlo k efektivnějšímu řízení říše a stabilizaci nového režimu. Třetí č ást rekapituluje Augustovy vojenské reformy. Armáda byla zásadní složkou jeho nástupu k moci. Tyto...Katedra právních dějinDepartment of Legal HistoryPrávnická fakultaFaculty of La
A propósito de un nuevo Carmen latinum epigraphicum de Carthago Nova
No full textEl artículo pone de manifiesto la naturaleza métrica de un nuevo epígrafe de Cartagena y, a partir de un análisis global -epigráfico, paleográfico, métrico, lingüístico y literario-, propone su datación entre el reinado de Tiberio y el de Claudio (~15-40 dC). Por otra parte, el estudio sirve al autor para mostrar que el epígrafe debe relacionarse estrechamente con el horizonte cultural de la poesía de Ovidio. El registro de paralelos singulares con las Metamorfosis permite incluso proponer un término cronológico post quem.This article reveals the metrical nature of a new Latin inscription from Carthago Nova. Beginning with a comprehensive study -epigraphic, paleographic, metrical, linguistic and literary- the author thinks that it must be dated between the reing of Tiberius and that of Claudius (~15-40AD). Moreover, the study shows that the inscription have to be closely related to the Ovid's poetry, specifically to the Metamorphoseon poem
A propósito de un nuevo Carmen latinum epigraphicum de Carthago Nova
No full textEl artículo pone de manifiesto la naturaleza métrica de un nuevo epígrafe de Cartagena y, a partir de un análisis global -epigráfico, paleográfico, métrico, lingüístico y literario-, propone su datación entre el reinado de Tiberio y el de Claudio (~15-40 dC). Por otra parte, el estudio sirve al autor para mostrar que el epígrafe debe relacionarse estrechamente con el horizonte cultural de la poesía de Ovidio. El registro de paralelos singulares con las Metamorfosis permite incluso proponer un término cronológico post quem.This article reveals the metrical nature of a new Latin inscription from Carthago Nova. Beginning with a comprehensive study -epigraphic, paleographic, metrical, linguistic and literary- the author thinks that it must be dated between the reing of Tiberius and that of Claudius (~15-40AD). Moreover, the study shows that the inscription have to be closely related to the Ovid's poetry, specifically to the Metamorphoseon poem
High rate continuous synthesis of nanocrystalline materials in a colliding vapor stream of microdroplets
No full textProgress in nanotechnology is driving the need of large scale synthesis of functional
nanomaterials. The lack of a workforce trained on process control and scale-up of nanomaterials
manufacturing, the gap between laboratories and economically practical nanofabrication and the
funding strain on the survivability of startup companies all contribute to the difficulties in scaling up
nanotechnologies and their commercialization [1,2]. We report here a high rate continuous synthesis of
functional inorganic nanomaterials using colliding vapor stream of reagents microdroplets
As memórias de D. Leonor López de Córdoba (1362/63-1430) : uma poética do não esquecimento
No full textAs memórias da dama castelhana Leonor Lopez de Córdoba são um documento único por três razões que isoladas já garantiriam a sua excepcionalidade, mas que combinadas operam esse sentido do único: a autoria feminina no contexto, o texto autobiográfico e a defesa da facção legítima derrotada pela ascensão trastamarista. Leonor Lopez de Córdoba é filha de Martim Lopez de Córdoba, mestre das ordens de Alcântara e Calatrava, e rara sobrevivente da perseguição sofrida por sua família, depois da morte do pai. Com o casamento de Henrique III e Catarina de Lencastre, alcança notável proeminência, que, entretanto, é novamente solapada pelas intrincadas relações régio-nobiliárquicas do período da regência de Juan II.The memoires of a Castilian lady Eleanor Lopez of Cordova consist on an unique document for three reasons: the female authorship within the context she was in, the autobiographic text and the support for the rightful faction defeated by the ascension of the Trastamara. Eleanor Lopez of Cordova is the daughter of Martin Lopez of Cordova, who was the Master of the Alcantara and Calatrava orders, and a rare survivor of the persecution that her family went through after her father's death. With the marriage of Henry III and Catherine of Lancaster, she achieved a noteworthy prominence, which however, was once again dissembled by the complex royal and noble relations during the period of John II's reing
Political gestures. The aristocracy against the democratic monarchy of Amadeo of Savoy
No full textEl modelo de monarquía que se diseñó con la llegada del rey Amadeo a España presentaba notables diferencias con respecto a la monarquía isabelina. Políticamente, se basaba en principios políticos democráticos. Socialmente, en una respetabilidad burguesa que remitía a una forma de vida austera y acorde con la mentalidad de la clase media. El objetivo de este artículo es tratar de calibrar cuáles fueron las limitaciones que tuvo ese proyecto democrático de monarquía en un contexto en el que sus propuestas resultaban inéditas. Se estudiará, en particular, el papel desempeñado por las clases altas (tradicionales soportes de la monarquía) no tanto en su labor conspirativa, sino en su rechazo explícito a lo que la monarquía democrática significaba y al papel que a ellas les cabía en dicho proyecto.The model of monarchy that was designed during King Amadeo’s reing in Spain presented important differences with respect to the monarchy of Isabella II. Politically, it was based on democratic political principles. Socially, in a bourgeois respectability that referred to an austere lifestyle, in line with the mentality of the middle class. The objective of this article is to try to evaluate what were the limitations of that democratic project of monarchy in a context in which its proposals were unknown in Spain. In particular, the article revolves around the role played by the upper classes (traditional supports of the monarchy), not in their conspiratorial work, but in their explicit rejection of what the democratic monarchy meant.Este trabajo es uno de los resultados del proyecto de investigación I+D “Corte, Monarquía y Nación Liberal (1833-1885)” (HAR2015-66532-P) financiado por el MINECO
