359 research outputs found
ЭТИОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗ И МОРФОЛОГИЯ ЭФФЕКТА QUILTY
No full textDespite the fact that the study of endocardial infi ltrates (Quilty effect) in the transplanted heart has been going on for more than 30 years, the etiology, morphology and clinical signifi cance of this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. The article presents the facts of the available literature on the possible causes and mechanisms of the effect of Quilty, as well as on its impact on the function of the transplanted heartНесмотря на то что изучение эндокардиальных инфильтратов (Quilty effect) в трансплантированном сердце продолжается уже более 30 лет, этиология, морфология и клиническое значение этого феномена остаются до конца не выясненными. В статье приведены данные доступной литературы о возможных причинах и механизмах развития эффекта Quilty, а также о его влиянии на функцию трансплантированного сердца
СВЯЗЬ ЭФФЕКТА QUILTY С ОСТРЫМ ОТТОРЖЕНИЕМ ТРАНСПЛАНТИРОВАННОГО СЕРДЦА
No full textIntroduction. The Quilty Effect (lymphoid-cellular infiltration of the endocardium) is a frequent finding in biopsies of the transplanted heart. The role of this phenomenon in the rejection of the transplanted heart remains unclear. Aim. Retrospective analysis of endomyocardial biopsies of the transplanted heart and assessment of the relationship between acute cellular rejection and Quilty Effect. Methods and results. 112 endomyocardial biopsies with Quilty Effect were identified out of 883 studied biopsies during the period from January 2010 to June 2014. The frequency of Quilty damage occurrence in acute cellular rejection is significantly higher than in its absence (17.7% and 5.6%; р < 0.001). The combination of acute cellular rejection with acute antibodymediated rejection significantly increases the frequency of Quilty damage (р = 0.039). Isolated acute antibodymediated rejection of the transplanted heart does not affect the frequency of Quilty Effect occurrence and is not a direct etiologic and pathogenetic factor of this phenomenon. In the absence of acute cellular rejection, Quilty Effect is a predictor of its later development. Mild acute cellular rejection in conjunction with the Quilty Effect causes the risk of more severe degree of rejection. Quilty Effect type B occurs much less frequently than type A (1.9% and 10.8%; р = 0.001) and is observed primarily in acute cellular rejection of grade G2R (р = 0.001); the frequency of these morphological types at various periods after heart transplant was not significantly different (р > 0.05). Conclusion. The Quilty Effect is a kind of manifestation of acute cellular rejection of the transplanted heart when immunosuppressive therapy with calcineurin inhibitors is used. Введение. Эффект Quilty (лимфоидно-клеточная инфильтрация эндокарда) является нередкой находкой в биоптатах трансплантированного сердца. Остается неясным, какую роль играет этот феномен в отторжении трансплантированного сердца. Цель. Ретроспективный анализ эндомиокардиальных биоптатов трансплантированного сердца и оценка взаимосвязи острого клеточного отторжения с эффектом Quilty. Методы и результаты. В период с января 2010 г. по июнь 2014 г. было выявлено 112 эндомиокардиальных биоптатов с эффектом Quiltу из 883 изученных биоптатов. Установлено, что частота возникновения Quilty-повреждения при остром клеточном отторжении значительно выше, чем при его отсутствии (соответственно 17,7 и 5,6%; р < 0,001). Сочетание острого клеточного с острым антителоопосредованным отторжением существенно увеличивает частоту Quilty повреждения (р = 0,039). Изолированное острое антителоопосредованное отторжение трансплантированного сердца не влияет на частоту появления эффекта Quilty и не является непосредственным этиологическим и патогенетическим фактором этого феномена. При отсутствии острого клеточного отторжения эффект Quilty является предиктором его более позднего развития. При легкой степени острого клеточного отторжения в сочетании с эффектом Quilty существует риск более тяжелой степени отторжения. Эффект Quilty типа В встречается существенно реже типа А (1,9 и 10,8%; р = 0,001) и наблюдается преимущественно при остром клеточном отторжении степени G2R (р = 0,001); частота этих морфологических типов в различные сроки после трансплантации сердца значимо не отличается (р > 0,05). Заключение. Эффект Quilty является своеобразным проявлением острого клеточного отторжения трансплантированного сердца при иммуносупрессивной терапии ингибиторами кальциневрина.
The XVth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology the Banff Workshop Heart Report: Improving the diagnostic yield from endomyocardial biopsies and Quilty effect revisited
No full textThe XVth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology meeting was held on September 23-27, 2019, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. During this meeting, two main topics in cardiac transplant pathology were addressed: (a) Improvement of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) accuracy for the diagnosis of rejection and other significant injury patterns, and (b) the orphaned lesion known as Quilty effect or nodular endocardial infiltrates. Molecular technologies have evolved in recent years, deciphering pathophysiology of cardiac rejection. Diagnostically, it is time to integrate the histopathology of EMBs and molecular data. The goal is to incorporate molecular pathology, performed on the same paraffin block as a companion test for histopathology, to yield more accurate and objective EMB interpretation. Application of digital image analysis from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain to multiplex labeling is another means of extracting additional information from EMBs. New concepts have emerged exploring the multifaceted significance of myocardial injury, minimal rejection patterns supported by molecular profiles, and lesions of arteriolitis/vasculitis in the setting of T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). The orphaned lesion known as Quilty effect or nodular endocardial infiltrates. A state-of-the-art session with historical aspects and current dilemmas was reviewed, and possible pathogenesis proposed, based on advances in immunology to explain conflicting data. The Quilty effect will be the subject of a multicenter project to explore whether it functions as a tertiary lymphoid organ
(Table 4) Distribution of benthic foraminifera in ODP Site 120-750
No full textX = present, D = dominant, - = absent, numbers indicate percentage
A study of the growth of Pseudomonas putida CP1 on mono-chlorophenols
No full textPseudomonas putida CPI grew on all three mono-chlorophenol isomers when supplied as the sole source of carbon and energy. The biodegradability of the mono-chlorophenols followed the order: 4-chlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol > 3-chlorophenol. P. putida CPI was able to degrade 300 ppm 4-chlorophenol, 250 ppm 2-chlorophenol and 200 ppm of 3-chlorophenol. In the presence of fructose (1%, w/v) the organism could degrade 400 ppm 4-chlorophenol, 500 ppm 2-chlorophenol and 300 ppm 3-chlorophenol.
Chlorophenol removal was stimulated in the presence of low concentrations of glucose (0.05% - 0.5%, w/v). Substrate removal was inhibited and there was a significant fall in pH with concentrations of glucose greater than 1.0% (w/v). When the pH was controlled at pH 7.0 inhibition of substrate removal was alleviated. The rate of removal of mono-chlorophenols was greater in the presence of fructose than in the presence of glucose, yeast extract or a combination of fructose and yeast extract.
P. putida CPI formed clumps of cells when grown on all three monochlorophenol isomers and fructose but not when grown on glucose, yeast extract or phenol. When the organism was grown on a combination of chlorophenols and an additional carbon source clumping was present but to a lesser degree. Monitoring growth of the organism by a direct microscopic count technique was found to be more representative than other methods including optical density measurements, dry weight measurements and the plate count technique.
A change in shape of the bacterium from rod shape to a coccus shape coupled with a reduction in cell size was noted when the organism was grown under nutritional stress. Isomerization of cis to trans forms of the unsaturated fatty acids in P. putida CP1 occurred under conditions of environmental stress. Trace amounts of the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12- octadecadienoic acid) rarely found in bacterial membranes, was detected in the membrane of P. putida CP1
Foraminiferida in the Mac. Robertson Shelf–Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica: distribution and controls - unfinished study
No full textStatement: These data were discovered on AADC servers, and are possibly unfinished/unchecked. Quality of the dataset cannot be guaranteed.These data are linked to what appears to be an unfinished report/paper by Pat Quilty. An extract of the unfinished report is available below, and the full document is included in the data download.<br/><br/>These data are also linked to a collection in the biodiversity database, and are also related to another record (both listed at the provided URLs).<br/><br/>Foraminiferids are recorded from samples collected on Mac. Robertson Shelf and Prydz Bay, East Antarctica in 1982, 1995 and 1997. Most are identifiable from previous literature but a new enrolled biserial agglutinated genus is noted but not defined. Distribution is related to oceanographic factors.<br/><br/>The Mac. Robertson Shelf-Prydz Bay region off the East Antarctic coast is that segment of the southern Indian Ocean between latitudes 66 degrees and almost 70 degrees S, and longitudes 60 degrees and 80 degrees E. It includes Mac. Robertson Shelf, the continental shelf, bounded seaward by the 500 m isobath, and Prydz Bay, the deepest re-entrant into the east Antarctic shield and the outlet for the Lambert Glacier at its southern end. The Lambert Glacier is the world’s largest glacier and drains some 1 000 000 km2 of East Antarctica. The marine region studied here covers some 140 000 km2.<br/><br/>Several research cruises to the region have collected sediment samples that yielded modern and recycled foraminiferid faunas. The modern component of the faunas has not been recorded in detail previously. <br/><br/>This paper records the details of the taxonomy and distribution of species collected during marine geology/geophysics cruises that provided the foraminiferids discussed in Quilty (1985, 2001), O’Brien (1992), O’Brien et al. (1993, 1995) and Harris et al. (1997). The geophysical results and interpretations of the 1982 voyage of MV Nella Dan are described by Stagg (1985) and this provides also the general setting and nomenclature of Prydz Bay. Two cruises (1995 and 1997) of RSV Aurora Australis collected samples and these provided the basis for Quilty’s records of foraminiferids and other components on a sample-by-sample basis in O’Brien et al. (1995) from 51 samples, and from a further 27 samples reported in Harris et al. (1997). The 1995 cruise also yielded the recycled foraminifera recorded by Quilty (2001) and the Mesozoic material documented by Truswell et al. (1999). Neither of these cruise records provided details of the faunas to the level covered here. Further studies for the region are given in the results of ODP Legs 119 and 188.<br/><br/>The impetus for conducting this review comes from two sources. Firstly, few foraminiferids have been documented from this region, and even fewer have been figured. Secondly, 2007-2008 was designated the [fourth] International Polar Year (IPY) and one of the major programs is the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML), a component of the global Census of Marine Life (CML). This paper is a contribution to that project. Included in the review are faunas from the modern environment and some which may be ‘Late Cenozoic’ in which the faunas are of the same species as the modern and in which data from the modern can be, and have been, used to infer past environments (Fillon 1974, Kellogg et al. 1979, Ward and Webb 1986).<br/> <br/>The aims of this paper are: <br/>- to document the species of foraminifera recovered from geology/geophysics cruises to the Mac. Robertson Shelf and Prydz Bay region, offshore East Antarctica (Fig. 1);<br/>- to make the nomenclature of species recorded consistent with latest taxonomic practice; <br/>- to characterise the faunas by diversity and dominance factors; and<br/>- to discuss the controls on the distribution of faunas recorded
Identification and characterisation of Yarrowia lipolytica RP2 growing on tallow
No full textThe ability of 10 yeasts, isolated from the waste treatment system at a commercial rendering operation, to utilise tallow (20 g L"1) as a sole carbon source was investigated. One isolate, identified as Yarrowia lipolytica , demonstrated superior fat removal ability and consequently was chosen for further studies in the development of a microbial-based fat removal system. Initially, the influence of temperature, medium pH, agitation and nitrogen source was assessed in shake flask studies. Maximum tallow removal of 75% in 168 hours was achieved under the optimal conditions of 25°C, pH 7.0, 130 rpm and 0.4 g N L'1, irrespective of whether ammonium sulphate, urea or peptone was employed as the nitrogen source. Medium pH was controlled using 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer. Addition of glucose (1.0 and 10.0 g L'1) to the medium under optimal environmental conditions did not inhibit tallow removal and there was a concomitant use of both substrates. Acclimation of the yeast inoculum to lipids did not influence fat removal. The fat removal system was scaled-up to 2 L and 10 L fermentation. Under optimum aeration of 1 VVM and agitation of 500 rpm and 1000 rpm, the time required to achieve maximum tallow removal was significantly reduced from 168 to 65 hours in the 2 L and 10 L fermenters, respectively. Potassium was key to optimal fat removal with the requirement of greater than 60 mM K+ in the medium by the yeast. Cellular potassium levels of 80 nmol K+ (106 cell) ' 1 corresponded with maximum growth and fat removal. Extracellular biosurfactant production was detected under optimal growth conditions, which corresponded with emulsification of the tallow in the growth vessel. Y. lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast however, mycelial growth was not considered to play an important role in fat removal by the yeast
A study of clinical strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and the investigation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in the multidrug resistant strain PA13
No full textThirteen clinical strains of bacteria from two Irish hospitals were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa using classical methods, API 20NE and Biolog GN. Their identification was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined against forty-one antibiotics belonging to eleven distinct classes. All the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, sulphatriad cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. All were sensitive to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftriaxone, meropenem, aztreonam, amikacin, apramycin, butirosin A, lividomycin and colistin sulphate. One of the isolates, PA13, was resistant to a further fourteen antibiotics and was identified as a multidrug resistant strain. A 2.2 kbp PCR product was amplified from P. aeruginosa PA13. When this product was sequenced it was found to contain four open reading frames. BLASTN analysis identified these as being an integrase gene (ORF1), an
aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene, aac(6’)-Ib (ORF2), an oxacillinase gene (ORF3) and a quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene (ORF4). The presence of the integrase gene and the quaternary ammonium compound gene suggested that the genes were on a Class 1 integron. The acetyltransferase aac(6’)-Ib gene contained the mutant type of the enzyme with a leucine substitution by serine at position 119. Two expression vectors were chosen to investigate the novel
oxacillinase gene. One was a commercially available vector, pET-28a (Novagen) and the other was an in-house vector, pPC. The gene was successfully cloned into both vectors. Following induction the desired protein was not expressed in either the soluble or insoluble fractions
Adult heart transplantation under tacrolimus (FK506) immunosuppression: Histopathologic observations and comparison to a cyclosporine-based regimen with lympholytic (ATG) induction
No full textBackground: Tacrolimus (FK506) is an effective immunosuppressant for human heart transplantation, but information about its effects on cardiac allograft and nonallograft kidney and liver histopathologic study is limited. Methods: We therefore reviewed 1145 endomyocardial biopsy specimens and eight autopsy results from 80 heart transplant recipients who received tacrolimus as baseline immunosuppression. These were compared with 619 endomyocardial biopsy specimens and four autopsy results from 51 patients treated with cyclosporine-based immunosuppression with lympholytic induction (CLI) by use of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin. Twenty-one histologic features including the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation histopathologic grade were retrospectively assessed without knowledge of the treatment regimen. The lymphocyte growth index on biopsy specimens obtained from these patients was also compared. Results: In general, there were no qualitative differences in the histopathologic appearance of various allograft syndromes between tacrolimus- and CLI-treated patients. Thus histopathologic criteria used to diagnose various graft syndromes are applicable under tacrolimus immunosuppression. However, early (between 10 and 30 days) after transplantation, biopsy specimens from patients treated with tacrolimus showed a significantly higher percentage of inflamed fragments (p = 0.02), the inflammation tended to be more severe (p = 0.09), and the rejection grade tended to be slightly higher (p = 0.08). In contrast, during the late transplantation period (275 to 548 days), biopsy specimens from patients treated with CLI showed a significantly higher percentage of inflamed fragments (p = 0.03), more severe inflammation (p = 0.03), higher rejection grades (p = 0.01), and a higher frequency of Quilty lesions (p = 0.05). Although overall freedom from any grade 3A or higher rejection was greater in the CLI-treated arm, tacrolimus was successfully used to treat refractory rejection in three patients from the CLI-treated arm. Concern has been raised in the literature about the possibility of tacrolimus being a direct hepatotoxin and an accelerant of allograft obliterative arteriopathy. However, no evidence to support either of these contentions was detected in this patient population. In contrast, tacrolimus is clearly nephrotoxic, although similar to cyclosporine in this regard. Conclusions: Tacrolimus is an effective immunosuppressive drug for heart transplantation. The cardiac allograft histopathologic study of patients treated with tacrolimus immunosuppression does not significantly differ from those given conventional, cyclosporine-based triple therapy with lympholytic induction
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