300 research outputs found
Control of body position of a stick insect standing on uneven surfaces
No full textCruse H, Riemenschneider D, Stammer W. Control of body position of a stick insect standing on uneven surfaces. Biological Cybernetics. 1989;61(1):71-77
Coactivation of leg reflexes in the stick insect
No full textCruse H, Dautenhahn K, Schreiner H. Coactivation of leg reflexes in the stick insect. Biological cybernetics. 1992;67(4):369-375.Each leg of a standing stick insect acts as a height controller. The leg contains several joints. Most of these joints are known to be controlled by feedback loops which are the basis of resistance reflexes (review Bässler 1983). This leads to the question of whether the resistance reflex of the whole leg can be understood as a simple, vectorial sum of the individual reflexes provided by the different joints, or whether additional properties emerge by simultaneous stimulation of several joints. Force measurements were performed while passively moving the middle leg tarsus of a fixed stick insect (Carausius morosus) stepwise to different positions. From the dynamic and static forces the torques developed by each joint were calculated. They were compared with the torques developed when only a single joint was moved by the same amount. The comparison shows that for a large range of positions there are no differences between both situations. Differences occur in two cases. First, the muscle system controlling the coxa-trochanter joint seems to be more strongly excited when the entire leg is moved than when only the one joint is moved. This change increases the linearity of the whole system for small deviations from the zero position. Second, the torque developed by the extensor tibiae system for negative steps (corresponding to increased body height), and the levator of coxa and trochanter for positive steps, decreases rather than increases when the whole leg is moved to extreme positions. This contributes to a decrease in the slope of the force-height characteristic and thus to a more non-linear behaviour of the whole system for the extreme positions. It is well known that the amplification factors of resistance reflexes in the leg show a large variation (Bässler 1972a; Kittmann 1991). Our results indicate that any change of the amplification factor influences the reflexes in all leg joints in the same way
The control of walking movements in the leg of the rock lobster
No full textCruse H, Clarac F, Chasserat C. The control of walking movements in the leg of the rock lobster. Biological Cybernetics. 1983;47(2):87-94
The Importance of Common-Cyclical Features in VAR Analysis: A Monte-Carlo Study (Preliminary Version)
No full textRepresentações sociais de avós maternas e paternas sobre a amamentação
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Florianópolis, 2014.Pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem descritiva e exploratória, tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais, desenvolvida com o objetivo geral de conhecer as representações sociais de avós maternas e paternas sobre a amamentação e, com o objetivo específico de identificar se existem diferenças nas representações sociais das avós maternas e paternas acerca da amamentação. As participantes do estudo foram 21 avós que estavam acompanhando suas filhas ou noras com seus bebês, internadas nas unidades de Alojamento Conjunto (AC) de uma maternidade pública do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2013, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados conforme a técnica da análise de conteúdo temática. O estudo resultou em dois manuscritos. O primeiro manuscrito consiste em uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura, que teve como objetivo identificar a contribuição das pesquisas desenvolvidas em âmbito nacional e internacional sobre as influências das avós maternas e paternas na amamentação. A busca dos artigos ocorreu nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, BDENF e SCIELO, no período de 2004 a 2013, sendo selecionados e analisados 14 estudos. A análise dos estudos evidenciou a produção de conhecimento que traz, em seus resultados, influências positivas e negativas das avós relacionadas à amamentação, recomendações para a prática profissional e sugestão de novas pesquisas. Assim como evidenciou a escassez de pesquisas que envolvam a temática avós (maternas e paternas) e o processo de aleitamento materno. O segundo manuscrito, relacionado aos objetivos do estudo propriamente dito, apresenta os resultados da pesquisa de campo. Da análise dos dados emergiram as seguintes categorias: osignificado da amamentação para as avós, a vivência da amamentação, e ser avó e a amamentação. Os resultados revelam que as representações sociais das avós sobre amamentação estão ancoradas em suas vivências e nos significados atribuídos ao processo de aleitamento materno, e que não há diferenças nas representações sociais da amamentação entre as avós maternas e paternas. A apreensão das representações sociais das avós sobre a amamentação, pelos diversos profissionais que atuam na área da assistência a saúde materno-infantil, é fundamental para a melhoria da qualidade desse atendimento, para que de fato as mulheres e suas famílias sintam-se acolhidas, confiantes, participantes e atendidas em suas dificuldades, dessa forma contribuindo para o sucesso do processo de aleitamento materno.Abstract : Qualitative research with descriptive and exploratory approach, whose theoretical framework is the Theory of Social Representations, developed with the general purpose of knowing the social representations of maternal and paternal grandmothers regarding breast-feeding with the specific purpose of identifing possible differences in social representations of maternal and paternal grandmothers regarding breast-feeding. The participants of the research were 21 grandmothers who were attending their daughters or daughters-in-law and their babies, as inmates in the AC (Alojamento Conjunto) units in a public nursery in the south of Brazil. Data were analyzed according to the technique of thematic analysis of content. The research resulted in two manuscripts. The first consists in an integrative review of literature, whose purpose was to identify the contribution of researches carried out nationally and abroad regarding the influence of maternal and paternal grandmothers in breast-feeding. The papers have been searched in the LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, BDENF and SciELO databases, from 2004 to 2013, with 14 studies being analyzed and selected. The analysis revealed a production of knowledge that brings, as a result, the positive and negative influence of grandmothers as regards breast-feeding, advice for professional practice and suggestion for new researches. The studies of integrative review allowed the identification of current knowledge about the relationship between grandmothers and breast-feeding, in its positive and negative aspects, showing the importance of using scientific evidence in order to ground the care practice of nurses, as well as revealed the scarcity of researches that concern the theme of grandmothers (maternal and paternal) and the process of breast-feeding. The second manuscript, regarding the aims of the study itself, presents results on field research. From the analysis of data the following categories emerged: the meaning of breast-feeding for grandmothers, the experience of breast-feeding, being a grandmother. The results reveal that the social representations of grandmothers about breast-feeding are grounded on their experiences and in the meanings assigned to the process of breast-feeding and that there is no difference between the social representations of breast-feeding of maternal and paternalgrandmothers. The understandig of the social representations of grandmothers regarding breast-feeding by the several workers in mother and child health care is fundamental in order to improve the quality of their work, so that women and their families feel welcomed, confident, participant, and taken care of in their needs, contributing in this way to the success of the breast-feeding process
The missing link: Using the NBER recession indicator to construct coincident and leading indices of economic activity
No full text
- …
