147 research outputs found
Pesca artesanal na Baía Norte de Florianópolis: capturas, esforço de pesca, problemática e possíveis soluções.
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.A Baía Norte de Florianópolis se localiza no litoral central do Estado de Santa Catarina (27° 23 ' - 27° 25S, 48° 33 ' - 48° 30'O) e se caracteriza como um ambiente estuarino de alta produtividade. É uma região utilizada por diversas espécies que se encontram em período reprodutivo e abriga espécies ameaçadas de extinção como a tartaruga Chelonia mydas e uma população residente de golfinhos da espécie Sotalia guianensis. Acompanhamos o trabalho de 8 pescadores, distribuídos em diferentes comunidades pesqueiras da ilha de Santa Catarina e do continente (Sambaqui, Saco Grande, Caieira e Fazenda da Armação), com o objetivo geral de analisar a pesca artesanal nessa região com ênfase nas capturas, esforço de pesca, problemática da atividade e possíveis soluções. Através de saídas embarcadas e entrevistas realizadas no período de junho de 2006 até junho de 2008, buscamos conhecer a estrutura organizacional das instituições envolvidas na pesca artesanal, as características sócioeconômicas e operacionais dos pescadores, o esforço pesqueiro aplicado à Baía Norte, sua produção pesqueira e o comportamento destes em relação a ocupação do espaço e otimização dos processos pesqueiros. A Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) foi utilizada para as análises da produção pesqueira. Através da teoria de forrageamento ótimo, buscamos identificar o comportamento e a percepção dos pescadores em relação às estratégias de pesca e sua otimização. Após consultas a diversas instituições governamentais e não governamentais, verificamos que o governo terceirizou serviços administrativos ligados a pesca e os custos foram repassados aos pescadores artesanais. Entrevistas com 43 pescadores mostraram que a idade média é de 41 anos (d.p.=12,67 anos) e estes começam a pescar com idades entre 7 e 12 anos. Possuem em média 1,53 filhos (d.p.=1,35 filhos) e renda variando entre 1 e 3 salários mínimos (média de R$522,49 e d.p.=226,89). Porém, a variação desta renda é grande e 65% dos pescadores analisados possuem outra fonte de renda. Identificamos junto a SEAP/PR 156 embarcações (Bateiras, Botes e Baleeiras) atuando na Baía Norte e cerca de 500 pescadores artesanais executando as artes de pesca de Cerco, Caceio, Fundeio e Arrasto. Nas 52 saídas realizadas, acompanhamos a captura de 4912Kg de pescado, onde para isso foram utilizados um total de 581306m2 de rede durante 628 horas. O Caceio foi a arte mais executada, 58,18% das pescarias, o Arrasto a arte que apresentou a maior CPUE (642,52g/m2/hora), o Cerco a arte com a maior média de captura (105,91kg e d.p.=470,61kg) e o Fundeio a arte de pesca que capturou as espécies não-alvo mais ameaçadas. Na composição do pescado estão 34 espécies de peixes, 3 de crustáceos e 1 de réptil, sendo as principais espécies capturadas Litopenaeus schimitii, Trichiurus lepturus, Micropogonias furnieri, Mugil platanus. e Menticirrhus americanus. Entre as espécies não alvo capturadas estão 5 indivíduos de Chelonia mydas. Através da análise comportamental dos pescadores e a aplicação do modelo de forrageamento ótimo, verificamos que existe um revezamento de artes de pesca e uma forte relação entre a distância dos pontos de pesca e o tempo gasto nos processos pesqueiros. Assim, verificamos que os pescadores da Baía Norte possuem Raphael B. M. Aggio X um comportamento funcional e estratégico em busca de maiores capturas e, conseqüentemente, maior retorno financeiro. A crise na qual o setor pesqueiro mundial se encontra aumenta a importância da pesca artesanal como principal fonte de pescado e dependente de novas medidas conservacionistas. Além disso, estudos recentes deixam cada vez mais clara a interdependência entre diferentes ecossistemas, mostrando que os resultados locais podem e devem ser levados para o nível global. Sendo assim, os resultados apresentados neste estudo devem receber grande atenção dos órgãos competentes para o desenvolvimento de práticas conservacionistas participativas que solucionem a problemática aqui apresentada
A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) for the identification of Micrococcaceae strains involved in meat fermentations. Its application to naturally fermented Italian sausages
No full textnew molecular method consisting of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of a small fragment from the 16S rRNA gene identified the Micrococcaceae strains isolated from natural fermented Italian sausages. Lactic acid bacteria, total aerobic mesophilic flora, Enterobacteriaceae and faecal enterococci were also monitored. Micrococcaceaea control strains from international collections wereused to optimise the method and 90 strains, isolated from fermented sausages, were identified by biochemical tests and PCR-DGGE. No differences were observed between the methods used. The results reported in this paper provethat Staphylococcus xylosus is the main bacterium involved in fermented sausage production, representing, from the tenth day of ripening, the only Micrococcaceaea species isolated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
An application of PCR-DGGE analysis to profile the yeast populations in raw milk
No full textFour different zones from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, North East of Italy, were sampled for the study of the yeast biodiversity in raw milk. Samples were analysed by traditional methods to isolate different yeast strains that were subjected to identification by sequencing the D1-D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene. Twelve different species of yeast were identified, six of them belonging to the genera Candida and two to the genera Kluyveromyces. The identified strains were then used for the optimization of a method based on polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis that was used for a direct monitoring of the populations in the samples. Applying the method to the DNA extracted directly from the raw milk samples, new bands appeared in the gel underlining a different bio-diversity in respect to the traditional method. The approach described is a powerful and reliable tool to monitor directly yeast ecology in milk and milk products without the need of traditional isolation and it could be used to follow specific populations to prevent spoilage or to control contamination. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Studio dell’evoluzione della flora microbica durante la fermentazione di salami mediante l’impiego della tecnica elettroforetica DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)
No full textPurinergic P2X neuro-neuronal transmission underlies the 5HT3 receptor mediated inhibition of rabit distal colon propulsion.
No full textFlavonoids, vascular function and cardiovascular protection
No full textA large body of evidence supports that the dietary intake of polyphenols - particularly of flavonoids and the specific class of flavonoids named flavanols - might be able to exert some beneficial vascular effects and reduce the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The review of epidemiological and mechanistic studies supports the role of flavonoids, particularly cocoa and tea flavanols, in protecting the cardiovascular system against cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, flavonoids are an heterogeneous group of natural molecules differently represented in fruit and vegetables and definitive data on cardiovascular benefits are lacking. The weakness of the available data include few and very small studies, no crossover designed studies and a wide range of dose and type of flavonoids tested. Thus, although flavonoid-rich foods and beverages are likely to protect cardiovascular system, further research is needed to characterize the mechanism of action on flavanol-rich foods. Long-term clinical trials are also needed to definitively clarify the benefits deriving from long-term consumption of flavanol-rich foods, particularly focussing on the lowest effective levels as well as synergism or antagonistic actions between different classes of flavonoids commonly found in foods
Endothelium-dependent and -independent effects of low concentrations of cathechins on vascular tone in rat aortic rings
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Italian Investigation on Mental Health Workers' Attitudes Regarding Personal Recovery From Mental Illness.
No full textThis study aimed to investigate attitudes toward personal recovery in a sample of 436 healthcare professionals and students of psychiatric rehabilitation techniques through the Italian version of the recovery knowledge inventory (RKI). The sample in our study showed a good global orientation toward recovery. Statistically significant differences were found among mental health professionals based on gender difference, professional role, and level of experience. Women seemed more inclined to accept users' decision-making processes, including therapeutic risk-taking. Nurses seemed more cautious in considering the users able to "live beyond their illness". Professionals with fewer than 15 years of experience had more favorable attitudes and expectations than the more experienced respondents. Students had more optimistic expectations regarding recovery than nurses and social workers. Academic curriculum development for students and training courses for mental health professionals could further improve the homogeneity in attitudes and skills in the support of users' "unique" recovery processes
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: say no to cigarette smoking
No full textSmoking is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of structural and functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms linking cigarette smoking to cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular system is a rich source of NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species, which under pathological conditions play a fundamental role in vascular damage. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in the regulation of vascular tone, structure, and function, and endothelial dysfunction could be considered the first step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the bioavailability of NO is modulated by reactive oxygen species that degrade NO, uncouple NO synthase, and inhibit synthesis. Reduced bioavailability of NO and consequent endothelial dysfunction are involved in the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis and also are predictive of future cardiovascular events. Thus, although data from clinical trials exploring the role of antioxidants on cardiovascular risk and disease are equivocal as yet, the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease is an important area of research, which is likely to continue to be fruitful. This review focuses on possible interactions between oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and cigarette smoking--favouring the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular disease--also focusing on the potential role for antioxidants in the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes
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