1,721,063 research outputs found
Sources of Innovative Activities and Industrial Organization in Italy'
No full textThis paper is based on the information gathered through a survey on industrial innovation in 24,000 Italian business units. Two-thirds of the business units surveyed declared they had introduced innovations, although there were significant variations across industries and size. Only 16 percent of the innovating business units monitored declared they had performed R&D: as many as 13,986 business units have introduced innovations without performing R&D.
The paper focuses on the different sources of technical knowledge which support the innovative activities, such as R&D, design, acquisition of capital goods, patents, etc. It considers also the relationship between concentration and innovative intensity at the industry level. It emerges that, at least at the business unit level, there is a weak correlation between the two variables.
On the basis of the measured industrial concentration, the propensity to perform product versus process innovations, and the sources of technological change, a taxonomy of industrial sectors is proposed which elaborates on Pavitt's original approach. This taxonomy, instead of stressing the role of either small firms as in the flexible specialization model or of the Schumpeterian concentration to explain the intensity and nature of the innovative phenomena, indicates that sectoral differences explain more than is generally believed in understanding technological change. Efficient innovation policy should therefore be tailored to match those sectoral characteristics
Specialization and size of scientific activities: a bibliometric analysis of advanced countries,
No full textSpecialization and Size of Technological Activities in Industrial Countries: the Analysis of Patent Data,
No full textNature and impact of innovation in manufacturing industry: evidence from the Italian innovation survey
No full textPatterns of Technological Specialization and Growth of Innovative Activities in Advanced Countries, pp.105-132.
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Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives
No full textDemocracy is increasingly seen as the only legitimate form of government, but few people would regard international relations as governed according to democratic principles. Can this lack of global democracy be justified? Which models of global politics should contemporary democrats endorse and which should they reject? What are the most promising pathways to global democratic change? To what extent does the extension of democracy from the national to the international level require a radical rethinking of what democratic institutions should be? This book answers these questions by providing a sustained dialogue between scholars of political theory, international law, and empirical social science. By presenting a broad range of views by prominent scholars, it offers an in-depth analysis of one of the key challenges of our century: globalizing democracy and democratizing globalization
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