196 research outputs found
Data compression for the first G-APD Cherenkov Telescope
No full textAbstract not availableM.L. Ahnen, M. Balbo, M. Bergmann, A. Biland, T. Bretz, J. Buß, D. Dorner, S. Einecke, J. Freiwald, C. Hempfling, D. Hildebrand, G. Hughes, W. Lustermann, E. Lyard, K. Mannheim, K. Meier, S. Mueller, D. Neise, A. Neronov, A.-K. Overkemping, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, T. Steinbring, F. Temme, J. Thaele, S. Toscano, P. Vogler, R. Walter, A. Wilber
Mapeamento da evasão de alunos baseado na análise dos critérios utilizados para o planejamento do curso do programa de desenvolvimento de educadores: ocaso SENAC/SC
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Administração.O propósito desta pesquisa teve como finalidade identificar, segundo os parâmetros de treinamento e desenvolvimento, os critérios adotados pelo SENAC, durante o planejamento do PROFIS, se este está possibilitando uni discernimento correto dos reais motivos da evasão dos alunos desde seu inicio em 1999 até o seu Ultimo curso em 2003. Os objetivos deste estudo são: analisar os critérios utilizados pelo SENAC no planejamento do PROFIS, identificar a estrutura utilizada para a realização do curso, avaliar as tecnologias utilizadas pelos colaboradores para o repasse de seu conteúdo, os motivos que levaram os professores a procurar o curso, identificar os critérios de avaliação por parte dos profissionais que participam do curso e identificar os motivos que levaram os profissionais a desistir do curso. O número total de pesquisados foram de 40 alunos, isto representa 26% de todos os participantes do curso. A característica do trabalho é uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e estudo de caso. O estudo teve seu inicio com uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre treinamento e desenvolvimento, os objetivos de um treinamento, as vantagens e desvantagens do treinamento, o planejamento de cursos, o meio presencial e a distância, os custos e a avaliação do treinamento e desenvolvimento. A coleta dos dados foi feita através de questionários que continha trintas questões. Através da análise dos dados pode ser concluído que o maior motivo da evasão é a falta de tempo por parte dos alunos na finalização deste. Isto se deve ao fato de o curso ter a duração de nove meses, durante este período surgem outras oportunidades de trabalho ou de realizar um curso que fazem com que o aluno desista de terminá-lo. A maioria ingressou no curso para atualização e busca de conhecimento e grande parte daqueles que terminaram sentiram-se satisfeitos com o curso
Quiet Traffic - A joint effort of industry, academia, and agencies to reduce transportation noise.
No full textMagnetic Properties Studied by Density Functional Calculations Including Orbital Polarisation Corrections
No full textMit Hilfe der Dichtefunktionaltheorie wurden magnetische Eigenschaften an 3d Elementen und Legierungen und 5f Verbindungen untersucht. Dabei wurde auf die Wichtigkeit von Orbitalpolarisationskorrekturen eingegangen und diese näher erörtert. Im ersten Anwendungsteil wurden magnetische Momente und die Magnetokristalline Anisotropie Energie an 3d Elementen untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden FeCo Legierungen als mögliche Bestandteile in der Festplattenindustrie diskutiert. Im letzten Abschnitt wurden Uranverbindungen in Hinsicht auf Ihre Orbitalpolarisation untersucht.:1 Introduction 1
2 Theoretical Considerations 5
2.1 Quantum Mechanics Applied to Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Density Functional Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1 non-Relativistic DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1.1 Hohenberg and Kohn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1.2 Kohn-Sham Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1.3 Local Density Approximation and More . . . . 12
2.2.2 Relativistic DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 FPLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Magneto-Crystalline Anisotropy Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Disorder within DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 Orbital Polarisation in DFT 23
3.1 Hund’s Rules in DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 An Introduction to OPC and DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 OPC Brooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.2 OPC Eschrig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 Transition Metals 39
4.1 Fe, Co, and Ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.1 Calculational Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2 Fe1−xCox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.2 Fixed Spin Moment Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.3 Epitaxial Bain Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.2.4 Calculational Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.2.5 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.2.6 LSDA vs. GGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.2.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5 Uranium Compounds 75
5.1 UX, with X = (N, P, As, Sb, O, S, Se, and Te) . . . . . . . . 77
5.1.1 UN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.1.2 UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.1.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.2 UM2, with M = (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) 90
5.2.1 Calculational Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.2.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.2.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.3 UAsSe, USb2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.3.1 Calculational Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.3.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.3.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6 Summary and Outlook 101
A Definitions i
A.1 Spherical Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
A.2 Other Definitions Used in Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
B Input Parameters for the Racah Parameter iii
B.1 d-Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
B.2 f-Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Biblography vi
Acknowledgement xxiv
Versicherung xxvi
Calibration and performance of the photon sensor response of FACT - the first G-APD Cherenkov telescope
No full textThe First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) is the first in-operation test of the performance of silicon photo detectors in Cherenkov Astronomy. For more than two years it is operated on La Palma, Canary Islands (Spain), for the purpose of long-term monitoring of astrophysical sources. For this, the performance of the photo detectors is crucial and therefore has been studied in great detail. Special care has been taken for their temperature and voltage dependence implementing a correction method to keep their properties stable. Several measurements have been carried out to monitor the performance. The measurements and their results are shown, demonstrating the stability of the gain below the percent level. The resulting stability of the whole system is discussed, nicely demonstrating that silicon photo detectors are perfectly suited for the usage in Cherenkov telescopes, especially for long-term monitoring purpose.A. Biland, T. Bretz, J. Buß, V. Commichau, L. Djambazov, D. Dorner, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher, J. Freiwald, O. Grimm, H. von Gunten, C. Haller, C. Hempfling, D. Hildebrand, G. Hughes, U. Horisberger, M.L. Knoetig, T. Krähenbühl, W. Lustermann, E. Lyard, K. Mannheim, K. Meier, S. Mueller, D. Neise, A.-K. Overkemping, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, U. Röser, J.-P. Stucki, T. Steinbring, F. Temme, J. Thaele, P. Vogler, R. Walter and Q. Weitze
Single photon extraction for FACT's SiPMs allows for novel IACT event representation
No full textImaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes provide large gamma-ray collection areas > 104 m2 and successfully probe the high energetic gamma-ray sky by observing extensive air-showers during the night. The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) explores silicon based photoelectric converters (called G-APDs or SiPMs) which provide more observation time with strong moonlight, a more stable photon gain over years of observations, and mechanically simpler imaging cameras. So far, the signal extraction methods used for FACT originate from sensors with no intrinsic quantized responses like photomultiplier tubes. This standard signal extraction is successfully used for the long time monitoring of the gamma-ray flux of bright blazars. However, we now challenge our classic signal extraction and explore single photon extraction methods to take advantage of the highly stable and quantized single photon responses of FACT’s SiPM sensors. Instead of having one main pulse with one arrival time and one photon equivalent extracted for each pixel, we extract the arrival times of all individual photons in a pixel’s time line which opens up a new dimension in time for representing extensive air-showers with an IACT.S. A. Mueller, J. Adam, M. L. Ahnen, D. Baack, M. Balbo, A. Biland, M. Blank, T. Bretz, K. Bruegge, J. Buss, A. Dmytriiev, D. Dorner, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, C. Hempfling, T. Herbst, D. Hildebrand, L. Kortmann, L. Linhoff, M. Mahlke, K. Mannheim, D. Neise, A. Neronov, M. Noethe, J. Oberkirch, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, B. Schleicher, F. Schulz, A. Shukla, V. Sliusar, F. Temme, J. Thaele, R. Walte
FACT - Performance of the first cherenkov telescope observing with SiPMs
No full textThe First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) is pioneering the usage of silicon photo multipliers (SIPMs also known as G-APDs) for the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique. It is located at the Observatorio Roque de los Muchachos on the Canary island of La Palma. Since first light in October 2011, it is monitoring bright TeV blazars in the northern sky. By now, FACT is the only imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope operating with SIPMs on a nightly basis. Over the course of the last five years, FACT has been demonstrating their reliability and excellent performance. Moreover, their robustness allowed for an increase of the duty cycle including nights with strong moon light without the need for UV-filters. In this contribution, we will present the performance of the first Cherenkov telescope using solid state photo sensors, which was determined in analysis of data from Crab Nebula, the so called standard candle in gamma-ray astronomy. The presented analysis chain utilizes modern data mining methods and unfolding techniques to obtain the energy spectrum of this source. The characteristical results of such an analysis will be reported providing, e.g., the angular and energy resolution of FACT, as well as, the energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula. Furthermore, these results are discussed in the context of the performance of coexisting Cherenkov telescopes.M. Noethe, J. Adam, M.L. Ahnen, D. Baack, M. Balbo, A. Biland, M. Blank, T. Bretz, K. Bruegge, J. Buss, A. Dmytriiev, D. Dorner, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, C. Hempfling, T. Herbst, D. Hildebrand, L. Kortmann, L. Linhoff, M. Mahlke, K. Mannheim, S. Mueller, D. Neise, A. Neronov, J. Oberkirch, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, B. Schleicher, F. Schulz, A. Shukla, V. Sliusar, F. Temme, J. Thaele, R. Walte
Teatro digital: uma experiência da Cia. Pierrot Lunar em “Antigamente, é quando?”
No full textThis dissertation aims to identify possible procedures for understanding, improving and systematizing the creation of so-called digital theater. It also seeks to point out its reverberations based on a literature review and on the analysis of "Antigamente, é quando?", an experience presented and broadcasted online in 2020 in Belo Horizonte by Cia. Pierrot Lunar, a theater collective whose member is the author of this study. Through a bibliographical review, a description of the procedures carried out in the creation and also gathering interviews with the team, categories of analysis were established with the intention of identifying elements that make up the work and finding ways to understanding how possible connections can be created between the artisanal character of theater, permeated by physical presence and its dialogues with the technology of remote transmission of presence. This phenomenon has been accentuated by the social isolation imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic and has brought new perspectives to theater. Finally, this study seeks to understand how the interference of digital media, permeated by cinema, audiovisual and the internet, can offer a plural look at the border relations between these languages.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a identificação de procedimentos possíveis para compreender, aperfeiçoar e sistematizar a criação voltada para o chamado teatro digital. Também busca apontar suas reverberações a partir de revisão bibliográfica e da análise de “Antigamente, é quando?”, experiência apresentada e transmitida pela internet no ano de 2020, em Belo Horizonte, pela Cia. Pierrot Lunar, coletivo teatral que possui como integrante a autora deste estudo. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, descrição de procedimentos realizados na criação e de entrevistas com a equipe, foram estabelecidas categorias de análise na intenção de identificar elementos que compõem a obra e encontrar caminhos para entender como podem ser criadas possíveis conexões entre o caráter artesanal do teatro, permeado pela presença física, e seus diálogos com a tecnologia de transmissão remota de presença. Esse fenômeno foi acentuado pelo isolamento social, imposto pela pandemia da Covid-19 e trouxe outras perspectivas em relação ao teatro. Por fim, neste estudo, busca-se compreender como a interferência das mídias digitais, permeada pelo cinema, audiovisual e a internet podem oferecer um olhar plural diante das relações fronteiriças entre essas linguagens.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
FACT - Highlights from more than Five Years of Unbiased Monitoring at TeV Energies
No full textThe First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) is monitoring blazars at TeV energies. Thanks to the observing strategy, the automatic operation and the usage of solid state photosensors (SiPM, aka G-APDs), the duty cycle of the instrument has been maximized and the observational gaps minimized. This provides a unprecedented, unbiased data sample of almost 9000~hours of data of which 2375 hours were taken in 2016. An automatic quick look analysis provides results with low latency on a public website. More than 40 alerts have been sent in the last three years based on this. To study the origin of the very high energy emission from blazars simultaneous multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations are crucial to draw conclusions on the underlying emission mechanisms, e.g. to distinguish between leptonic and hadronic models. FACT not only participates in multi-wavelength studies, correlation studies with other instruments and multi-messenger studies, but also collects time-resolved spectral energy distributions using a target-of-opportunity program with X-ray satellites. At TeV energies, FACT provides an unprecedented, unbiased data sample. Using up to 1850 hours per source, the duty cycle of the sources and the characteristics of flares at TeV energies are studied. In the presentation, the highlights from more than five years of monitoring will be summarized including several flaring activities of Mrk 421, Mrk 501 and 1ES 1959+650.D. Dorner, J. Adam, M.L. Ahnen, D. Baack, M. Balbo, A. Biland, M. Blank, T. Bretz, a, K. Bruegge, M. Bulinski, J. Buss, A. Dmytriiev, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, C. Hempfling, T. Herbst, D. Hildebrand, L. Kortmann, L. Linhoff, M. Mahlke, a, K. Mannheim, S.A. Mueller, D. Neise, A. Neronov, M. Noethe, J. Oberkirch, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, B. Schleicher, F. Schulz, A. Shukla, V. Sliusar, F. Temme, J. Thaele, R. Walte
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