11,857,427 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
Full text linkInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Document: Charles D. Drake
No full textExtract from speech of Charles D. Drake, chairman of Committee of Seventy, delivered at St. Louis, October 17, 186
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Preeclampsia risk, maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, and variation in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to study the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and preeclampsia risk, maternal genetic variation in 3 vitamin D metabolism genes (GC, CYP27B1, VDR) and preeclampsia risk, and variation in the same genes and 25(OH)D. METHODS: We used two racially diverse pregnancy cohorts (EVITA and Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP)) to achieve these objectives. We estimated the association between log-transformed 25(OH)D and preeclampsia risk in EVITA by using log-binomial regression with restricted cubic splines. In EVITA and CPP, we used multivariable logistic and linear regression models to estimate the associations between allelic variation and preeclampsia risk, and genotype and log-transformed 25(OH)D, respectively. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate estimates of association between and within cohorts. RESULTS: Dose-response associations of 25(OH)D were observed for both severe and mild preeclampsia. Trends of associations were observed in genetic variation and preeclampsia risk. Compared with major allele carriers, Black mothers in EVITA who carried the minor allele for rs11732451 GC single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 2 VDR SNPs (rs4340112, rs10459217) had increased odds of preeclampsia, while the odds were lowered for those who carried the minor allele for 1 GC SNP (rs1099028) and 2 VDR SNPs(rs757344, rs12721364). In the meta-analysis, two VDR SNPs (rs886441 and rs2853561) had trends of decreased odds of preeclampsia for all Black mothers. For the 25(OH)D analysis, statistically significant associations were observed. Compared with those with major allele genotypes, mothers with minor allele genotypes of rs1844885 (GC) and rs11168275 (VDR) had increased 25(OH)D and of rs11732451 (GC) had lowered 25(OH)D. In the meta-analysis on all Black mothers, rs1844885 (GC) was associated with increased 25(OH)D while there was a trend of decreased 25(OH)D for rs10877016 (CYP27B1). CONCLUSIONS: Low 25(OH)D may be enough to reduce risk of preeclampsia. If our findings are confirmed in a replication study, genetic variation may be an independent risk factor for maternal 25(OH)D, making the findings of this research relevant to public health
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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