477 research outputs found
Intercalation of P atoms in Fullerene-like CPx
No full textThe energy cost for P atom intercalation and corresponding structural implications during formation of Fullerene-like Phosphorus carbide (FL-CPx) were evaluated within the framework of Density Functional Theory. Single P atom interstitial defects in FL-CPx are energetically feasible and exhibit energy cost of 0.93-1.21 eV, which is comparable to the energy cost for experimentally confirmed tetragon defects and dangling bonds in CPx. A single P atom intercalation event in FL-CPx can increase the inter-sheet distance from 3.39-3.62 angstrom to 5.81-7.04 angstrom. These theoretical results are corroborated by Selected Area Electron Diffraction characterization of FL-CPx samples.Original Publication:Gueorgui Kostov Gueorguiev, Zs Czigany, Andrej Furlan, Sven Stafström and Lars Hultman, Intercalation of P atoms in Fullerene-like CPx, 2011, CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, (501), 4-6, 400-403.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2010.11.024Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.http://www.elsevier.com
Industrial-scale deposition of highly adherent CNx films on steel substrates
No full textHighly adherent carbon nitride (CNx) films were deposited using a novel pretreatment with two high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) power supplies in a master-slave configuration: one to establish the discharge and one to produce a pulsed substrate bias. During the pretreatment, SKF3 (AISI 52100) steel substrates were pulse-biased in the environment of a HIPIMS Cr plasma in order to sputter clean the surface and to implant Cr metal ions. Subsequently. CNx films were prepared at room temperature by DC unbalanced magnetron sputtering from a high purity graphite target in a N-2/Ar discharge at 3 mTorr. All processing was done in an industrial CemeCon CC800 system. A series of depositions were obtained with samples at different bias voltages (DC and pulsed) in the range of 0-800 V. Scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show the formation of an interface comprising a polycrystalline Cr layer of 100 nm and an amorphous transition layer of 5 nm. The adhesion of CNx films evaluated by the Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C reach strength quality HF1, and the scratch tests gives critical loads of 84 N. Adhesion results are correlated to the formation of an optimal interfacial mixing layer of Cr and steel.Original Publication:Esteban Broitman, Zs. Czigany, Grzegorz Greczynski, J. Bohlmark, R. Cremer and Lars Hultman, Industrial-scale deposition of highly adherent CNx films on steel substrates, 2010, Surface & Coatings Technology, (204), 21-22, 3349-3357.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.03.038Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.http://www.elsevier.com
Stability of the ternary perovskites Sc3EN (E=B,Al,Ga,In) from first principles
No full textMechanical and thermodynamic stability of the isoelectronic ternary inverse perovskites Sc3EN (E=B,Al,Ga,In) has been studied from first principles. We confirm stability of recently synthesized cubic phases Sc3AlN and Sc3InN, and predict the stability of cubic Sc3GaN and a triclinic phase aP20-Sc3BN. Substantial phonon softening in Sc3AlN and Sc3GaN is observed indicating a possibility that structural defects could form readily. In accord, our experiments show that magnetron sputter deposited films contain regions with high density of nonperiodic stacking faults along the < 111 > growth direction. We suggest that defect-free crystals may exhibit anomalies in the carrier properties, promising for electronic applications.Original Publication:Arkady Mikhaylushkin, Carina Höglund, Jens Birch, Zs Czigany, Lars Hultman, Sergey Simak, Björn Alling, Ferenc Tasnadi and Igor Abrikosov , Stability of the ternary perovskites Sc3EN (E=B,Al,Ga,In) from first principles, 2009, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, (79), 13, 134107.http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.134107Copyright: American Physical Societyhttp://www.aps.org
Spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of amorphous carbon and amorphous,graphitic and fullerene-like carbon nitride thin films
No full textCarbon nitride (CNx) and amorphous carbon (a-C) thin films are deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering onto silicon (001) wafers under controlled conditions to achieve amorphous, graphitic and fullerene-like microstructures. As-deposited films are analyzed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in the UV–VIS–NIR and IR spectral ranges in order to get further insight into the bonding structure of the material. Additional characterization is performed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Between eight and eleven resonances are observed and modeled in the ellipsometrically determined optical spectra of the films. The largest or the second largest resonance for all films is a feature associated with C–N or C–C modes. This feature is generally associated with sp3 C–N or sp3 C–C bonds, which for the nitrogen-containing films instead should be identified as a three-fold or two-fold sp2 hybridization of N, either substituted in a graphite site or in a pyridine-like configuration, respectively. The π→πlow asterisk electronic transition associated with sp2 C bonds in carbon films and with sp2 N bonds (as N bonded in pyridine-like manner) in CNx films is also present, but not as strong. Another feature present in all CNx films is a resonance associated with nitrile often observed in carbon nitrides. Additional resonances are identified and discussed and moreover, several new, unidentified resonances are observed in the ellipsometric spectra.Original Publication:Torun Berlind, Andrej Furland, Zs. Czigany, Jörg Neidhardt, Lars Hultman and Hans Arwin, Spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of amorphous carbon and amorphous,graphitic and fullerene-like carbon nitride thin films, 2009, Thin Solid Films, (517), 24, 6652-6658.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.04.065Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.http://www.elsevier.com
The development strategy of company Ltd. "ZS Veģi"
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir „Uzņēmuma SIA „ZS Veģi” attīstības stratēģija”. Izstrādājot stratēģiju, tiek apzinātas stiprās un vājās puses, saskatītas ārējās vides iespējas un draudi, izmantojot uzņēmuma rīcībā esošos resursus un prasmes.
Bakalaura darba mērķis ir, balstoties uz teoriju, izanalizēt uzņēmuma SIA „ZS Veģi” darbību un izstrādāt attīstības stratēģijas pilnveidošanas elementus.
Darbs sastāv no 3 nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā autore apskata stratēģijas definīcijas un tās elementus, 2. nodaļā - lauksaimniecības un graudkopības attīstību. Autore 3. nodaļā analizē uzņēmuma attīstības stratēģijas elementus. Nobeigumā tiek izdarīti secinājumi un priekšlikumi uzņēmuma attīstības stratēģijas uzlabošanā.
Darbs ir izstrādāts latviešu valodā. Tā apjoms ir 67 lapaspuses, izmantoti 28 literatūras avoti, iekļauti 18 attēli, 7 tabulas un 2 pielikumi.The title of Bachelor Thesis is „The development strategy of company Ltd. „ZS Veģi”. Creating strategy there are identified strengths and weaknesses, distinguished external opportunities and threats by using available resources and skills of the company.
The aim of Bachelor Thesis is to analyze company “ZS Veģi” and to create development strategy’s improvement elements.
The Bachelor Thesis is divided in 3 chapters. In the first chapter author reviews definitions of strategy and its elements, in the 2nd chapter - development of agriculture and grain farming. In the third part author analyses company’s development strategy’s elements. Finally, there is given conclusion and suggestions by author for the company about development strategies improvements.
The Bachelor Thesis is written in Latvian. It consists of 67 pages; there are used 28 literature sources. It includes 18 pictures, 7 tables, 2 attachments
Proses Kreatif Isbedy Stiawan ZS dan Implikasinya Pada Pembelajaran Apresiasi Puisi
No full textThe current research was describing Isbedy Stiawan ZS’ creative process, Isbedy Stiawan ZS’ sociology study, and the implication of the research result toward poetry appreciation in college. This research used qualitative descriptive. The primary data source is obtained directly from the research subject, Isbedy Stiawan. ZS, through the interview process. The Secondary data obtained from several books poetry. The result shows Isbedy’s creative process through 2 stages namely Isbedy’s creative process through imagination and travel. In the sociology of Isbedy's authorship, there are three elements that influence his work: namely livelihood, the intended society, and the sociology of the author. The result of the research implies into the fourth BC 4, that is includes the competency are explained the inner structure in poetry. Penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan proses kreatif Isbedy Stiawan ZS, menggambarkan studi sosiologi Isbedy Stiawan ZS, dan menggambarkan implikasi dari hasil penelitian terhadap apresiasi puisi di perguruan tinggi. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data primer diperoleh langsung dari subjek penelitian adalah Isbedy Stiawan ZS melalui proses wawancara dan data sekunder diperoleh dari beberapa koleksi buku puisi oleh Isbedy Stiawan ZS mulai dari tahun 1984 hingga 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses kreatif Isbedy melalui 2 tahap yaitu Isbedy proses kreatif melalui imajinasi dan perjalanan. Dalam sosiologi kepengarangan Isbedy, ada tiga elemen yang sangat mempengaruhi karyanya, yaitu mata pencaharian, masyarakat yang dituju, dan sosiologi penulis. Penelitian ini menyiratkan hasil penelitian ke dalam Kompetensi Dasar keempat (BC 4), yaitu menjelaskan struktur batin yang membentuk puisi. Rincian materi yang mencakup kompetensi dijelaskan struktur dalam (tema dan pesan) dalam puisi.Kata Kunci: Proses Kreatif, Pembelajaran, Apresiasi Puisi
The influence of Latvian government and The European Union in the development of agricultural enterprise ZS Veģi Ltd
No full textLatvijas iestāšanās ES būtiski mainīja ražošanas prasības un likumdošanu lauksaimniekiem. Kopš 2002.gada, apgūstot valsts un ES finansējumu, SIA „ZS Veģi” uzsāka strauju attīstību. Saimniecība veikusi plašas investīcijas, modernizējusi tehniku, ražošanu, palielinājusi apstrādājamo zemju platību.
Darba mērķis ir izpētīt SIA „ZS Veģi” piesaistītā valsts un Eiropas Savienības atbalsta sociālo un ekonomisko ietekmi uz uzņēmumu, izvērtējot tā attīstību un izmaiņas saimnieciskās darbības radītājos. Darba pirmajā daļā autors analizē kopējās lauksaimniecības politikas mērķus un pārmaiņas, valsts un ES sniegto atbalstu lauksaimniecībai. Otrajā daļā pēta SIA „ZS Veģi” attīstību un ražošanas specizlizāciju, analizējot saimnieciskās darbības rādītājus un izvērtējot saņemtā atbalsta sociālo un ekonomisko ietekmi.Latvia`s joining the EU significantly changed the production requirements and legislation for Latvian farmers. Since 2002 “SIA ZS Veģi” has rapidly developed by mastering the EU and state government funding. Extensive investments have been made in the farm- modernization of equipment, production, arable land growth.
The aim of the research is to explore the influence of received funds on the enterprise regarding social and economical aspects, by assessing its development and changes in business indicators. In the first part of the research the author analyzes the goals and adjustments brought by the common agricultural policy, as well as the extent of support of the Latvian government and The EU for agriculture.The second part explores the development and specialization of production in “SIA ZS Veģi” by analyzing the differences in indicators and the influence of received funds in social and economical aspects
Competitiveness analysis and development opportunities of the Enterprise ZS"Mazīpari" in Limbazi
No full textKvalifikācijas darba nosaukums “Uzņēmuma ZS “Mazpīpari” konkurētspējas analīze un attīstības iespējas Limbažos”. Darba autore Anita Līga Tralmaka. Darbā analizēts uzņēmuma uzņēmējdarbības vide. Uzņēmumu augļu un dārzeņu cenas, un virzība tirgū. Uzņēmuma darbības rādītāji un attīstība. Darba mērķis: Noskaidrot uzņēmuma ZS “Mazpīpari” konkurētspēju un attīstības iespējas Limbažos. Darba uzdevumi: 1.Iepazīties ar nozares konkurētspēju un attīstību. 2.Iepazīties ar uzņēmuma ZS “Mazpīpari” juridisko formu un darbības veidu. 3.Apkopot un izanalizēt informāciju par tirdzniecības vietām Limbažos. 4.Izvērtēt uzņēmējdarbības vidi kurā atrodas uzņēmums. 5.Analizēt uzņēmumu darbības rādītājus. 6.Analizēt uzņēmuma attīstības iespējas Limbažos. Pētījumā secināts, ka konkurētspēju var noteikt tikai salīdzinājumā ar nozarē līdzīgiem uzņēmumiem. Konkurētspējas ietekmē pēc novērtējuma rādītājiem veic pētījumu. Tātad ir jābūt konkurētspējas novērtēšanas subjektam (kas novērtē), objektam (ko novērtē) un kritērijiem. Konkurētspējas novērtēšanas kritērijus var noteikt dažādos aspektos atkarībā no risināmā uzdevuma un mērķa. (Judrupa.I., Senfelde.M., Konkurētspējas novērtēšana Latvijas plānošanas Reģionos, 2011). Darbs satur 51 lapas, 15 attēlus, 12 tabulas, 5 pielikumi. Darba praktiskajā daļā veikta aptauja par augļu un dārzeņu tirdzniecības vietām Limbažos. Pētījumā izmantotās metodes, lai sasniegtu kvalifikācijas darbā izvirzīto mērķi, autore izmantoja sekojošas pētnieciskās metodes: •aptaujas anketa (informācijas vākšana, apstrāde un analīze); •grafiskās analīzes metode. Respondentu skaits ir 412. Darba rezultāti apkopoti, izanalizēti, salīdzināti un attēloti 1 tabulā.The title of the qualification work “Competitiveness analysis and development opportunities of the Enterprise ZS “Mazpīpari” in Limbazi”. The author Anita Līga Tralmaka. The paper analyzes company's business environment. Fruit and vegetable prices and market trends. Company performance indicators. Aim of the work: To find out the competitiveness and development possibilities of ZS “Mazpīpari” in Limbazi. Tasks: 1.Get acquainted with the industry's competitiveness and development. 2.Get acquainted with the legal form and type of activity of the enterprise ZS “Mazpīpari”. 3.To collect and analyze information on sales outlets in Limbaži. 4.Evaluate the business environment in which the company is located. 5.Analyze business performance. 6.To analyze the company's development opportunities in Limbazi. The study concludes that competitiveness can only be established in comparison with industry-like companies. The impact of competitiveness is measured by the evaluation of the indicators. Consequently, there must be a subject for evaluating competitiveness (who evaluates), an object (to be assessed) and criteria. The criteria for assessing competitiveness can be determined in different aspects depending on the task and objective being addressed. (Judrupa .I., Senfelde.M., Competitiveness Evaluation in Latvian Planning Regions, 2011). The work contains 51 pages, 15 images, 12 tables, 5 attachment. In the practical part of the work, a survey was conducted on fruit and vegetable sales outlets in Limbazi. The methods used in the study to achieve the goal set in the qualification work, the author used the following research methods: • surveys questionnaire (information gathering, processing and analysis); • graphical analysis method. The number of respondents is 412. The results of the work are summarized, analyzed, compared and presented in Table 1
LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE BIZNESA, VADĪBAS UN EKONOMIKAS FAKULTĀTE Vadībzinātnes nodaļa ZS “VAINADZIŅI” SAIMNIECISKĀS DARBĪBAS ANALĪZE UN PILNVEIDES IESPĒJAS Analysis of the agricultural enterprise "Vainadziņi" and opportunities for improvement.
No full textBakalaura darbs sastāv no 3 nodaļām. Darba pirmajā nodaļā tiek teorētiski apskatīta saimnieciskā darbības izvērtēšanas būtība, tās mērķi, uzdevumi un metodes, kādas tiek pielietotas saimnieciskās darbības analīzei. Darba otrajā nodaļā tiek raksturota ZS “Vainadziņi” darbība un veikta tās analīze. Autore analīzei izmanto SVID analīzi, PESTLE analīzi, Portera piecu spēku metodi, finanšu rādītāju horizontālo un vertikālo analīzi, likviditātes, rentabilitātes, uzņēmuma līdzekļu aprites rādītāju un kapitāla struktūras analīzi. Darba trešajā nodaļā tiek veikta ZS “Vainadziņi” saimnieciskās darbības salīdzināšana ar nozari, kā arī salīdzinājums ar konkurentiem, kas atklāj uzņēmuma priekšrocības pret konkurentu un veikta ekspertu aptaujas analīze. Ar iegūtajiem rādītājiem iespējams objektīvi novērtēt ZS “Vainadziņi” pozīciju nozarē, lai izstrādātu priekšlikumus uzņēmuma pilnveidei. Bakalaura darbs sastāv no 67 lappusēm, 3 nodaļām, 7 apakšnodaļām, 21 tabulas, 10 attēliem un 4 pielikumiem, izmantoti 33 literatūras avoti.The bachelor consists of 3 chapters. The first chapter of the thesis theoretically reviews the essence of the economic activity evaluation, its aims, tasks and methods applied for the economic activity analysis. The second chapter describes the activity of the ZS "Vainadziņi" and analyses it. The author uses SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, Porter 5 forces method, horizontal and vertical analysis of financial ratios, liquidity, profitability, cash flow ratios and capital structure analysis. The third chapter of the thesis compares the economic activity of ZS "Vainadziņi" with the industry as well as a comparison with competitors, which reveals the company's advantages over competitors and analysis of an expert survey. The indicators obtained provide an objective assessment of the position of ZS "Vainadziņi" in the industry in order to develop proposals for the improvement of the enterprise. The bachelor thesis consists of 67 pages, 3 chapters, 7 sub-chapters, 21 tables, 10 images and 4 appendices, using 33 literature sources
High efficiency removal of phosphate from water by zirconium sulfate-surfactant micelle mesostructure immobilized on polymer matrix
No full textA zirconium sulfate-surfactant micelle mesostructure (ZS) was synthesized to investigate its capacity for phosphate removal from water. Its phosphate adsorption kinetics, the effect of pH and interfering anions, adsorption isotherm, desorption capacity, and reusability were investigated. The adsorption isotherms could be described by the Langmuir model. The ZS was an effective adsorbent for phosphate with a very high adsorption capacity (114 mg P/g ZS). The phosphate adsorption capacity increased with decrease in pH. Although the adsorption of nitrate, chloride and acetate ions was negligible, bicarbonate ions were found to be possible interfering anions. The adsorbed phosphate was desorbed effectively using NaOH solution. Since breakage of ZS particles resulted when using NaOH, ZS was immobilized on a polymer matrix and a 50-cycle adsorption–desorption test was carried out to determine the ZS-immobilized polymer (P-ZS) reusability. The P-ZS retained its functionality and adsorption and desorption capacity over 50 cycles without loss of original capacity. A phosphate solution containing about 10 mg P/L was treated in a column packed with P-ZS. The phosphate could be adsorbed completely onto P-ZS up to 1020 bed volumes. These results indicate clearly that ZS is a highly effective adsorbent for phosphate and enables the removal of phosphate from water
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