1,668 research outputs found
William Cunningham
No full textPortrait (head-and-shoulders) of a man with moustache, identified as William Cunningham, wearing a wing collared shirt, bow tie and overcoat; photomechanical image; original imag
EMMA 2-A MAGE-compliant system for the collaborative analysis and integration of microarray data
Get PDFDondrup M, Albaum S, Griebel T, et al. EMMA 2-A MAGE-compliant system for the collaborative analysis and integration of microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10(1): 50.Background: Understanding transcriptional regulation by genome-wide microarray studies can contribute to unravel complex relationships between genes. Attempts to standardize the annotation of microarray data include the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) recommendations, the MAGE-ML format for data interchange, and the use of controlled vocabularies or ontologies. The existing software systems for microarray data analysis implement the mentioned standards only partially and are often hard to use and extend. Integration of genomic annotation data and other sources of external knowledge using open standards is therefore a key requirement for future integrated analysis systems. Results: The EMMA 2 software has been designed to resolve shortcomings with respect to full MAGE-ML and ontology support and makes use of modern data integration techniques. We present a software system that features comprehensive data analysis functions for spotted arrays, and for the most common synthesized oligo arrays such as Agilent, Affymetrix and NimbleGen. The system is based on the full MAGE object model. Analysis functionality is based on R and Bioconductor packages and can make use of a compute cluster for distributed services. Conclusion: Our model-driven approach for automatically implementing a full MAGE object model provides high flexibility and compatibility. Data integration via SOAP-based web-services is advantageous in a distributed client-server environment as the collaborative analysis of microarray data is gaining more and more relevance in international research consortia. The adequacy of the EMMA 2 software design and implementation has been proven by its application in many distributed functional genomics projects. Its scalability makes the current architecture suited for extensions towards future transcriptomics methods based on high-throughput sequencing approaches which have much higher computational requirements than microarrays
The persistence of populations facing climate shifts and harvest
No full textMany species are expected to shift their geographic distribution as climates change, and yet climate change is only one of a suite of stressors that species face. Species that might, in theory, be able to shift rapidly enough to keep up with climate velocity (the rate and direction that isotherms move across the landscape) may not in actuality be able to do so when facing the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors. Despite empirical reports of substantial interactions between climate change and other stressors, we often lack a mechanistic understanding of these interactions. Here, we developed and analyzed a spatial population dynamics model to explore the cumulative impacts of climate with another dominant stressor in the ocean and on land: harvest. We found that critical rates of climate velocity and harvest depend on the growth rate and dispersal kernel of the population, as well as the magnitude of the other stressor. This allowed us to identify conditions under which harvesting and climate velocity can together drive populations extinct even when neither stressor would do so in isolation. Except in these extreme cases, we also found that the interaction between the declines in biomass caused by climate velocity and harvest is approximately additive. Finally, we have shown that threshold harvest rules can be effective management tools to mitigate the interaction between the two stressors, while protected areas can either help or hinder,depending on how harvesters reallocate their effort. We also have parameterized the model for black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) to demonstrate the model’s broad applicability.Received 22 December 2014; revised 25 February 2015; accepted 4 March 2015; final version received 8 May 2015; published 23 September 2015.Peer reviewe
Ritorno a Thornfield. La "storia segreta" di Adèle Varens in Thornfield Hall di Emma Tennant
No full textIn the line of the Neo-Victorian movement within postmodern literature, in 2002 British author Emma Tennant (1937-2017) re-wrote Charlotte Brontë’s 1847 Jane Eyre as Thornfield Hall. Even though its subtitle, The Hidden Story of Jane Eyre, anticipates a new appendix to Jane’s widely known adventures, the novel is in fact centred on Adèle Varens, “the French dancer’s bastard”. In particular, Tennant’s narrative looks back at the Brontean novel by exploring the Parisian milieu in which the young Adèle breathes the air of the Révolution and learns how to resist the patriarchal and political established order; and yet, later on, she seems to forget the teachings she drew from Céline Varens, her mother, and her world in a problematic intertextual twist that questions the presence of the Other – once again represented by Bertha Antoinette Mason, echoing Jean Rhys’s 1966 masterpiece Wide Sargasso Sea – but ultimately/inevitably pays homage to Brontë’s classic
Women and independence in the nineteenth century novel : a study of Austen, Trollope and James
No full text'Women
and
independence in the nineteenth century novel : a
study
of
Austen, Trollope
and
James', begins
with the
concept of
independence
and works through the three
most common usages of
the
word.
The first, financial independence (not
needing to
earn one's
livelihood)
appears to be
a necessary prerequisite
for the
second
and third forms
of
independence,
although it is by
no means an
unequivocal good
in
any of
the
novels.
The
second,
intellectual
independence (not
depending
on others
for
one's opinion or conduct;
unwilling
to be
under obligation
to
others),
is
a matter of asserting independence
while employing
terms
which society recognizes.
The third,
of
being independent, is
exemplified
by
an
inward
struggle
for
a
knowledge
of self.
In
order
to trace the development
of
the idea
of self
during the
nineteenth century,
I have
chosen a group of novels which seem
to be
representative of
the beginning, the
middle, and the
end of
the period.
Particular
attention
is
given
to the
characterizations of
Emma
Woodhouse, Glencora Palliser, Isabel Archer, Milly Theale and
Maggie
Verver. Whereas in Jane Austen's
novels
the self
has a
definite shape
which the heroine
must
discover, and
in Anthony Trollope's
novels
the
self
(reflecting
the idea
of socially-determined man) must
learn to
accommodate social and political changes,
in Henry James's
novels
the
self
determined by
external manifestations
(hollow
man)
is
posed
against
the exercise of
the free
spirit or soul.
Jane Austen's
novels
look backward,
as she reacts against
late
eighteenth century romanticism, and
forward,
with
the development
of
the heroine
who exemplifies
intellectual independence. Anthony
Trollope's
women characters are creatures of social and political
adaptation; although
they do
not
derive their
reason
for being
from
men,
they
must accommodate
themselves to
men's wishes.
And
Henry James looks backward,
wistfully, at
Austen's
solid, comforting,
innocent
self and
forward, despairingly, to the dark,
unknowable self
of
the twentieth
century
Handheld-Impedance-Measurement System with seven-decade capability and potentiostatic function
Get PDFThis paper describes design and test of a new impedance-measurement system for nonlinear devices that exhibits a seven-decade range and works down to a frequency of 0.01 Hz. The system is specifically designed for electrochemical measurements, but the proposed architecture can be employed in many other fields where flexible signal generation and analysis are required. The system employs an unconventional signal generator based on two pulsewidth modulation (PWM) oscillators and an autocalibration system that allows uncertainties of less than 3% to be obtained over a range of 1 kΩ to 100 GΩ. A synchronous demodulation processing allows the noise superimposed to the low-amplitude input signals to be made negligibl
Material movement in the near eastern epipalaeolithic: implications of the shell and stone beads of direkli cave, Turkey
No full textBaysal, Emma L. (Trakya author)Direkli Cave is an Epipalaeolithic site in the central Taurus mountain range in southeastern Turkey that was used by mobile hunter-gatherer communities. The assemblage of beads from the cave, made primarily from shell (marine and freshwater) and stone, shows new evidence both that bead materials were brought to the site from the shores of the Mediterranean and that the material culture of the site has relationships to the Levant, northern Mesopotamia, and inner Anatolia. This article questions how such a bead assemblage should be interpreted in the light of existing evidence for the Near Eastern and Anatolian Epipalaeolithic and what it adds to our understanding of the better known contemporary Natufian culture of the Levant. It considers the long-distance movement of materials, interregional material cultural influences, and the way the Epipalaeolithic period is conceptualized more broadly
Adaptation strategies of coastal fishing communities as species shift poleward
No full textIn this period of environmental change, understanding how resource users respond to such changes is critical for effective resource management and adaptation planning. Extensive work has focused on natural resource responses to environmental changes, but less has examined the re- sponse of resource users to such changes. We used an interdisciplinary approach to analyse changes in resource use among commercial trawl fish- ing communities in the northwest Atlantic, a region that has shown poleward shifts in harvested fish species. We found substantial community- level changes in fishing patterns since 1996: southern trawl fleets of larger vessels with low catch diversity fished up to 400 km further north, while trawl fleets of smaller vessels with low catch diversity shrank or disappeared from the data set over time. In contrast, trawl fleets (of both large and small vessels) with higher catch diversity neither changed fishing location dramatically or nor disappeared as often from the data set. This analysis suggests that catch diversity and high mobility may buffer fishing communities from effects of environmental change. Particularly in times of rapid and uncertain change, constructing diverse portfolios and allowing for fleet mobility may represent effective adaptation strategies.Peer reviewe
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