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General themes: health care and poor relief in 18th and 19th century Northern Europe
No full textThroughout history governments have had to confront the problem of how to deal with the poorer parts of their population. During the medieval and early modern period this responsibility was largely borne by religious institutions, civic institutions and individual charity. By the eighteenth century, however, the rapid social and economic changes brought about by industrialisation put these systems under intolerable strain, forcing radical new solutions to be sought to address both old and new problems of health care and poor relief.
This volume looks at how northern European governments of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries coped with the needs of the poor, whilst balancing any new measures against the perceived negative effects of relief upon the moral wellbeing of the poor and issues of social stability.
Taken together, the essays in this volume chart the varying responses of states, social classes and political theorists towards the great social and economic issue of the age, industrialisation. Its demands and effects undermined the capacity of the old poor relief arrangements to look after those people that the fits and starts of the industrialisation cycle itself turned into paupers. The result was a response that replaced the traditional principle of 'outdoor' relief, with a generally repressive system of 'indoor' relief that lasted until the rise of organised labour forced a more benign approach to the problems of poverty.
Although complete in itself, this volume also forms the third of a four-volume survey of health care and poor relief provision between 1500 and 1900, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham.
General Themes: Health care and poor relief in 18th and 19th-century northern Europe, Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham; Health care and the construction of citizenship in civil societies in the era of the Enlightenment and industrialisation, Dorothy Porter; Histories of risk and welfare in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, Marco van Leeuwen; The German States: Health care provision and poor relief in enlightenment and 19th-century Prussia, Fritz Dross; Health care provision and poor relief in the electorate and kingdom of Bavaria, Michael Stolberg; Urban charity and the relief of the sick poor in northern Germany, 1750–1850, Mary Lindemann; Russia and Scandinavia: Health care and poor relief in Russia (1700–1856), Hubertus Jahn; Health care provision and poor relief in enlightenment and 19th-century Denmark, Gerda Bonderup; Ideology or pragmatism?: health care provision and poor relief in Norway in the 19th century, Øivind Larsen; Britain: Health care and poor relief in provincial England, Anne Crowther; Medical relief and the new Poor Law in London, David Green; Poor relief and health care in 19th-century Scotland, Rosalind Mitchison; The Netherlands: Dutch approaches to problems of illness and poverty between the Golden Age and the Fin de Siècle, Marijke Gijswijt-Hofstra; France: Poor relief and medical assistance in 18th-and 19th-century Paris, Matthew Ramsey; Health care provision and poor relief in 19th-century provincial France, Olivier Faure; Index
[10 papers on the life-cycle of B. sacharobutyricus von Klecki and other studies on soil protozoa]
No full text01. NOTE ON THE PLATE METHOD FOR
ENUMERATION OF BACTERIA.
BY ANDREW CUNNINGHAM. FROM THE JOURNAL OF HYGIENE, VOL. mu. No. 4, JANUARY 16, 1914. ||
02. Studies on Soil Protozoa.
I. The Growth of Protozoa on various Media and the Effect of Heat on aeti
and eneysted Forms. By Andrew Cunningham B. Sc. (Edin.) and Dr. F. Löhnis. Imprint from the
Centralblatt- for. Bacteriology, parasitism and infectious diseases. ||
03. STUDIES ON SOIL PROTOZOA
ANDREW CUNNINGHAM. FROM THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, VOL. VII. Part I, MARCH 1915. ||
04. STUDIES ON BACILLUS AMYLOBACTER,
A. M. ET BREDEMANN
BY
ANDREW CUNNINGHAM AND HERMIMA JENKINS
FROM THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, TTOLUNIE XVII. PART I, JANUARY 1927.
05. THE CULTIVATION OF LUCERNE.
t ANDREW CUNNINGHAM. from " The Scottish Journal of AgricaIture."
Vol. XI., No. 1, January; 1928. ||
06. The Life -Cycle of B. sacharobutyricus von Klecki: I. Methods and Cultures Used.
By Andrew Cunningham. Sonderabdruck aus dem
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten.
II. Abteilung. 1930, Bd. 82. ||
07. The Life -Cycle of B. sacharobutyricus von Klecki: II. The Large Rod, Coccoid and Short Rod Phases. By Andrew Cunningham. Sonderabdruck aus dem
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten.
II. Abteilung. 1930, Bd. 82. ||
08. The Life -Cycle of B. sacharobutyricus von Klecki: III. The Slender Rod Phase and Secondary Transformations. By Andrew Cunningham. Sonderabdruck aus dem
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten.
II. Abteilung. 1930, Bd. 83. ||
09. The Life -Cycle of B. sacharobutyricus von Klecki: IV. Special Morphology and Methods of Reproduction. By Andrew Cunningham. Sonderabdruck aus dem
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten.
II. Abteilung. 1930, Bd. 83. ||
10. The Life -Cycle of B. sacharobutyricus von Klecki: V. Confirmatory Evidence. By Andrew Cunningham. Sonderabdruck aus dem
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten.
II. Abteilung. 1930, Bd. 83
A sailor's odyssey : the autobiography of Admiral of the Fleet, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
No full text1st ed. -- This is the autobiography of Viscount Andrew Browne Cunningham, Admiral of the Fleet in the British Navy during World War II. The island of Newfoundland is mentioned throughout, as is the hospital ship of the same name.From the Joseph R. Smallwood Collection 2003. -- Includes indexes
Father Andrew Mullen 1790-1818: a study in early nineteenth century spirituality
No full textThis thesis is laid out in three parts: Part I. The life and death of Andrew Mullen. The life is based, to a large extent, on a long letter to his mother, Catherine Mullen, dated 7 January 1810. The letter gives a definite insight into his spirituality based on his membership of the Archconfraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. There is a hint that he had a premonition of an early death. Part II. The burial of Andrew Mullen and the immediate cult to him This is based on documentary evidence. Part III. Most of this part is a catalogue of testimonies taken from 1993 onwards. Then there is the conclusion on the popular devotion to Andrew Mullen stressing the theological aspect of the subject. In the course of writing the thesis it was decided to separate the documentary evidence from the oral tradition. This was advantageous in developing the thesis, and the documents provided a secure basis for the oral tradition. Two pieces of information were found in March 1997. They are death notices: 2 January 1819, The Leinster Journal and 7 January 1819, The Car low Morning Post. There is a slight discrepancy between the two on the date of his death. Also this discrepancy shows a slight difference from the date of the tombstone
Second graduating class, 1897
No full textSecond graduating OAMC Class of 1897. Jessie Thatcher Bost is in the center. George W. Bowers is on the left and Andrew N. Caudell is on the right.Robert E. Cunningham (1906-1991) graduated from Oklahoma A&M College in 1932. Besides being a writer, Cunningham was a local photographer of Stillwater and a collector of glass plates. This collection of glass plate negatives and acetate base photographs held at the Oklahoma State University (OSU) Library Archives represents a portion of his collection amassed over the years. This memorabilia collection is historically significant in that it depicts the early history of OSU (A&M College), local history, and portraits of early residents of Stillwater. The digitization and documentation of this collection was made possible by an 2018-2019 Improving Access to Collections Grant sponsored by the Oklahoma Historical Records Advisory Board, administered by the Oklahoma Department of Libraries, and funded by the National Archives--National Historical Publications and Records Commission
Andrew Cunningham.
No full textCunningham was a delegate to the Alabama constitutional convention of 1865 and a state senator from Clay and Talladega counties 1876-1877 and 1878-1879
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effective shear speed in two-dimensional phononic crystals
No full textThe quasistatic limit of the antiplane shear-wave speed ('effective speed') c in 2D periodic lattices is studied. Two new closed-form estimates of c are derived by employing two different analytical approaches. The first proceeds from a standard background of the plane wave expansion (PWE). The second is a new approach, which resides in x-space and centers on the monodromy matrix (MM) introduced in the 2D case as the multiplicative integral, taken in one coordinate, of a matrix with components being the operators with respect to the other coordinate. On the numerical side, an efficient PWE-based scheme for computing c is proposed and implemented. The analytical and numerical findings are applied to several examples of 2D square lattices with two and three high contrast components, for which the new PWE and MM estimates are compared with the numerical data and with some known approximations. It is demonstrated that the PWE estimate is most efficient in the case of densely packed stiff inclusions, especially when they form a symmetric lattice, while in general it is the MM estimate that provides the best overall fitting accuracy.Peer reviewe
Andrew Cunningham, The Anatomist Anatomis’d: An Experimental Discipline in Enlightenment Europe
No full textAfter his fascinating The Anatomical Renaissance: The Resurrection of the Anatomical Projects of the Ancients (1997), Andrew Cunningham offers us a new study of anatomy, The Anatomist Anatomis’d: An Experimental Discipline in Enlightenment Europe. This time, Cunningham looks at how anatomists contributed to the creation of anatomy as a discipline in the long eighteenth century, the “Enlightenment” being a time when the discipline flourished as never before or since. Thus anatomy, throughout t..
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Health care and poor relief in 18th and 19th Century Southern Europe
No full textIn the 18th and 19th centuries what happened to the poor and the sick-poor in norther and southern Europe differed. In the Catholic south, where industrialisation was slow to make an impact, the Catholic Church introduced a programme of reform at all levels but along traditional lines, such as the founding of new orders dedicated to the care of the poor and sick and new institutions where they could be housed. This volume forms the fourth and last volume of a four-volume survey of health care and poor relief in Europe between 1500-1900 edited by Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham
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