6,338 research outputs found
100 anos de (im)permanência de Euclides da Cunha: Amazônia e Nordeste.
No full textO trabalho investiga o pensamento de Euclides da Cunha sobre a mão-de-obra dos nordestinos dos sertões empregada nos seringais amazônicos. Segundo Cunha (1966) ?O sertanejo emigrante realiza uma anomalia sobre a qual nunca é demasiado insistir: é o homem que trabalha para escravizar-se. Enquanto o colono italiano se desloca de Gênova a mais remota fazenda de São Paulo, paternalmente assistido pelos nossos poderes públicos, o cearense efetua, à sua custa, desamparado, uma viagem mais difícil, em que os adiantamentos feitos pelos contratadores insaciáveis, inçados de parcelas fantásticas e de preços inauditos, o transformam as mais das vezes em devedor para sempre insolvente?. O recurso metodológico se baseia na análise da migração nordestina para a Região Norte, Amazônia, como fonte de mão-de-obra empregada na cultura da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) e pesquisa bibliográfica para seleção de citações e pensamentos euclidianos sobre a temática em foco. No Nordeste, a imagem dos latifúndios litorâneos, com imensos canaviais e, também, a aridez das terras sem água dos sertões. Em contraste, a ilusão, na Amazônia, de uma vida menos árdua nos campos de seringais, que na prática, significou o regime de semi-escravidão dos sertanejos. Segundo Rabello (1983): ?Não é para admirar que a Amazônia fosse, uma outra Canaã para as populações flageladas do Nordeste. Mas o que esperava o emigrante sertanejo estava longe de corresponder ao seu sonho. A Amazônia era mesmo uma miragem para os que alugavam os braços nos seringais?. Na prática, o emprego dos sertanejos nos seringais ocorreu em condições desumanas, pouca alimentação, doenças e, principalmente, o desaparecimento dos sonhos de fortuna e bem-aventurança. Nesse contexto, desmistificando a colonização da Amazônia pelos homens dos Sertões, Euclides da Cunha revela a realidade socioeconômica brasileira
The Treatment of Ties in AP Correlation
No full textThe Kendall tau and AP correlation coefficients are very commonly use to compare two rankings over the same set of items. Even though Kendall tau was originally defined assuming that there are no ties in the rankings, two alternative versions were soon developed to account for ties in two different scenarios: measure the accuracy of an observer with respect to a true and objective ranking, and measure the agreement between two observers in the absence of a true ranking. These two variants prove useful in cases where ties are possible in either ranking, and may indeed result in very different scores. AP correlation was devised to incorporate a top-heaviness component into Kendall tau, penalizing more heavily if differences occur between items at the top of the rankings, making it a very compelling coefficient in Information Retrieval settings. However, the treatment of ties in AP correlation remains an open problem. In this paper we fill this gap, providing closed analytical formulations of AP correlation under the two scenarios of ties contemplated in Kendall tau. In addition,we developed an R package that implements these coefficients.Best Short Paper Accepted author manuscriptMultimedia ComputingWeb Information System
Discarding and final destination of açaí in the Oriental Amazon - Brazil.
No full textThe intensification of the production of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and the increase in consumption resulted in the generation of significant amounts of waste that require an adequate final destination. The objective of the research was to evaluate how occurs the discarding and final disposal of açaí lumps processed in Macapá and Santana counties-AP. Thus, semi-structured forms were applied to 212 artisanal açaí beaters (151 in Macapá and 61 in Santana). Information on the disposal and destination of seeds from the açaí mixers were spatialized using the ArcGis software. The results showed that the form of discarding of processed açaí lumps and their final destination are not determined by the size of the açaí-processing shops. However, final disposal was influenced by the higher estimated profit (p<0.05). Most of the disposal and destination are inadequate (53%) and still depend on specific management and legislation that result in environmentally sustainable alternatives
P2UP : Plano do Pólo 2 da Universidade do Porto : Anteprojecto : Planta Geral : Desenho n.º AP 1
No full textDocumentoP2UP : Plano do Pólo 2 da Universidade do Porto : Anteprojecto : Planta Geral : Desenho n.º AP 1 / Luiz Cunha arq[uitecto]. - 1:2000. - 1988-02. - 1 planta em 1 folha : col. N.º do desenho: 8568
O impacto das memórias de vergonha na adolescência: A escala de Centralidade do Acontecimento (CES) [The impact of shame memories in adolescence: The Centrality of Event Scale (CES)].
No full textExperiências adversas, particularmente, experiências precoces de vergonha podem funcionar como memórias traumáticas e serem centrais na formação da autoidentidade. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a estrutura dimensional e qualidades psicométricas da versão portuguesa para adolescentes da Centrality of Event Scale (CES). Participaram 397 adolescentes com idades entre os 12 e os 18 anos a frequentarem escolas públicas de ensino regular. Em conjunto com a CES, os jovens preencheram outros questionários que avaliavam a sintomatologia psicopatológica e a perceção de sentimentos de vergonha externa e interna Os resultados revelam que a CES possui uma boa consistência interna, uma adequada estabilidade temporal e uma estrutura unidimensional. A centralidade das experiências de vergonha mostraram uma correlação positiva com os sintomas de psicopatologia e com os sentimentos atuais de vergonha. Estes dados sugerem que a CES-A é um instrumento robusto e útil na avaliação da centralidade das memórias de vergonha na adolescência
Diplodinium anisacanthum Cunha 1914
No full textMorphology of Diplodinium anisacanthum (Figure 1; Table 1) The six Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotypes (monacanthum, diacanthum, triacanthum, tetracanthum, pentacanthum and anisacanthum) have an oval body, laterally compressed, and tapered posteriorly. Two retractable ciliary zones (Figure 1 a), one adoral and one dorsal, at anterior end of body, separated by an inconspicuous operculum. Ectoplasm extendind beyond of the body and forms 1–6 caudal spines, according from morphotype (Figure 1 d). Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotype monacanthum with one caudal spine; Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotype diacanthum two; Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotype triacanthum three; Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotype tetracanthum four; Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotype pentacanthum five and Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotype anisacanthum six (Figure 1 e–j). Endoplasm with many food particles, essentially plant material. Macronucleus, rod-shaped, wide anteriorly, inclined about 90° towards ventral region (Figure 1 b). The elliptical micronucleus is in a depression in the dorsal anterior surface of the macronucleus (Figure 1 b). Two contractile vacuoles, each with a dorsally opening excretory pore (Figure 1 a). Rectum is a small and tubular structure located in the posterior end of the body, where cytoproct opens (Figure 1 a). Oral infraciliature corresponding to the Diplodinium-type (Ito & Imai 2006) (Figure 1 e–j). This pattern consists of an adoral polybrachykinety (AP), vestibular polybrachykinety (VP), a dorsal polybrachykinety (DP) and paralabial kineties (PK). AP involves the buccal opening; VP is long and extends into vestibule, if originating internally by the dorsal side of AP. DP extending laterally along dorsal anterior side of the body. Four or five PK close to ventral portion of AP. All D. anisacanthum morphotypes show the same pattern and organization of infraciliary bands (Figure 1 c). Diplodinium anisacanthum was described by da Cunha (1914) from Brazilian cattle and sheep. Dogiel (1927), in his monograph of family Ophryoscolecidae renamed the species described by da Cunha (1914) as Diplodinium (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. anisacanthum, and described six other subspecies that differed from the first in the number of caudal spines [D. (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. anacanthum, D. (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. monacanthum, D. (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. diacanthum, D. (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. triacanthum, D. (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. tetracanthum and D. (Anoplodinium) denticulatum f. pentacanthum)]. Kofoid & MacLennan (1932) in their Diplodinium taxonomic review, raised to the species level the subspecies proposed by Dogiel, using the following names: D. anisacanthum, D. anacanthum, D. monacanthum, D. diacanthum, D. triacanthum, D. tetracanthum and D. pentacanthum. Latteur (1970) considered Diplodinium anisacanthum as a species with polymorphisms [D. anisacanthum f. anacanthum, D. anisacanthum f. monacanthum, D. anisacanthum f. diacanthum, D. anisacanthum f. triacanthum, D. anisacanthum f. tetracanthum, D. anisacanthum f. pentacanthum and D. anisacanthum f. anisacanthum]. Hence, due to the different taxonomic interpretations of the features of the posterior end of the body, Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotypes are regarded as a polymorphic species and classified as subspecific level (Imai et al. 1981; Shimizu et al. 1983; Ito et al. 1994; Guirong et al. 2000; Gurung et al. 2002; Booyse & Dehority 2011; Booyse et al. 2014), or as seven species (Kofoid & Christenson 1933; Dehority 1979; 1986; Clarke 1964; Baraka 2012). Although those Diplodinium ciliates have been elevated to the species level by Kofoid & MacLennan (1932), the possibility of being a single, polymorphic species raised by Dogiel (1927) and later by Latteur (1970), is considerable, because the morphotypes are almost identical, differing only in the number of caudal spines (Figure 1; Table 1). According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999) different Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotypes should be classified as subspecies, since they were described before 1960. Thus, in this study we propose to rename them: Diplodinium anisacanthum monacanthum, Diplodinium anisacanthum diacanthum, Diplodinium anisacanthum triacanthum, Diplodinium anisacanthum tetracanthum, Diplodinium anisacanthum pentancanthum and Diplodinium anisacanthum anisacanthum. Caudal projections are used as species diagnostic feature in family Ophryoscolecidae by several authors following the taxonomic classification proposed by Kofoid & MacLennan (1932) (Kofoid & Christenson 1933; Dehority 1979; 1986; Clarke 1964; Baraka 2012). However, according Latteur (1966; 1970) many species of ophryoscolecid ciliates present considerable polymorphism and this profoundly influences the morphology of the posterior end of the body. Latteur (1966; 1970) suggests that variations in caudal projections should not be used in the species diagnosis in family Ophryoscolecidae because often constitute intraspecific variation. Polymorphism in ophryoscolecid ciliates was reported by some authors and to be influenced by factors such as interactions between the ciliates, especially those of predation and cannibalism (Poljansky & Strelkow 1938; Latteur 1966; Martinele & D'Agosto 2008). Williams & Coleman (1992) reported that in monoclonal cultures, spines in Diplodinium pentacanthum gradually become smaller, tending to disappear, suggesting that environmental factors possibly determine the presence and number of caudal projections. Williams & Coleman (1992) observed that caudal projections in Entodinium caudatum Stein, 1858 are lost in monoclonal cultures. However, the insertion of Entodinium bursa Stein, 1858 in the culture promotes the emergence of caudal projections in E. caudatum, which may be related to the fact that E. bursa be the main predator of E. caudatum. The author suggests that the presence of the spine decreases predation, whereas E. bursa engulfs E. caudatum by the posterior region, thus the spine difficults the process. Imai et al. (2002) studied transfaunation processes and establishment of Diplodinium rangiferi Dogiel, 1925 between wild ruminants (Cervus nippon centralis Kishida, 1936) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.). Inoculate specimens of D. rangiferi without caudal spines for the rumen of deer for the rumen of calves, after two weeks of inoculation, noticed the presence of D. rangiferi with caudal projections in calves. There is no information on how polymorphism of Diplodinium anisacanthum correlates to molecular data, since there are only two sequences of this species available in the GenBank database.Published as part of Cedrola, Franciane, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso, Martinele, Isabel & D'Agosto, Marta, 2017, Polymorphism and inconsistencies in the taxonomy of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) and taxonomic notes on the genus Diplodinium Schuberg, 1888, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 4306 (2) on pages 250-253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/84379
Delamination Analysis of A Class of AP-PLY Composite Laminates
No full textA recently developed fiber placement architecture, AP-PLY, has been shown to give significantly improved damage tolerance characteristics of composite structures. The behavior of delaminations resulting from low speed impact damage is of particular concern. Major attention has been paid to expand current knowledge on the delamination response of simple AP-PLY composite structure and move towards in-depth understanding of the failure mechanisms behind the damage tolerance. This thesis presents the approaches to predict delamination onset and analyze delamination growth, in support of the search of the optimum woven pattern for AP-PLY composite laminates. The recovered interlaminar stress between layers combined with the maximum stress criterion determined the delamination onset of simple AP-PLY composite laminate under out-of-plane loads. 2D finite element models with cohesive elements inserted in the interfaces of woven layers have been built to evaluate the delamination initiation and propagation in the different woven patterns of simple AP-PLY composite beams. The parameters of the woven pattern, such as the woven angle, the number of woven plies, the number of straight filled plies, and the location of the woven patterns in through the thickness direction, were investigated and shown to have a significant effect on delamination creation and growth. An energy method based on beam theory was proposed to analyze the strain energy release rate (SERR) of an existing crack in an AP-PLY beam structure. The developed analytical method was implemented in isotropic materials and the obtained SERR of a crack was validated by reference results and finite element solutions. The general behavior of crack growth on the left or right crack tip was evaluated and basic trends leading to crack propagation on one side of the crack were established. A correction factor was introduced to improve the accuracy of the SERR of a small crack through the numerical calculation. The singularity of crack tip caused by dissimilar materials was investigated and was found that the inclusion of the singularity effect could increase the accuracy for small cracks. It has been shown that the neutral axis needs to be relocated to decouple the bending and membrane behavior of unsymmetrical composite laminates, thus to meet the requirement of minimizing the strain energy of the delaminated beam to calculate the SERR of a delaminated composite beam. The calculated SERR of a crack in a composite beam has been verified by comparing with a finite element model. The woven plies in AP-PLY composite laminate altered the layup and two conventional laminates with different stacking sequences were identified in an AP-PLY composite laminate based on the assumption that the resin areas were ignored. A step by step approach was developed to obtain the SERR of a crack that goes across different materials. The analytical SERR determined when two materials are used in sequence, sets the stage for optimization of AP-PLY composite laminates without taking account of the effect of the resin area. The procedure of optimization of simple AP-PLY pattern was proposed and industry may benefit for many applications. An equivalent stiffness approach was used to model regions containing resin pockets and straight or inclined composite layers. A series of three point bending tests was carried out where the failure process and loading capacity were evaluated. The methodology, procedure of optimization, philosophy outlined in this thesis might also be applied to the more complicated fully woven AP-PLY composite laminates. The work in this thesis contributes to the understanding of the behavior of AP-PLY composite laminates with delaminations
Estrelas magnéticas quimicamente peculiares: Evolução, oscilações e Imageamento Doppler
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física.Apresentamos nesta tese os resultados de três estudos observacionais relacionados com as estrelas Ap, assim como a sub-classe das estrelas rapidamente oscilantes (roAp). No primeiro estudo, investigamos o estado evolutivo das estrelas Ap visando responder a seguinte pergunta: as estrelas nascem peculiares, ou desenvolvem suas peculiaridades ao longo de sua vida na seqüência principal? Para isso, observamos e classificamos 470 estrelas pertencentes a 18 aglomerados com idades entre 6.9 < log t < 8.1 e estudamos a freqüência de ocorrência de estrelas Ap em função da idade dos aglomerados
Structure function analysis of blazars AP Librae and 3c279
No full textHighest Honors in AstronomyBlazars AP Librae and 3c279 are analyzed for microvariability using a technique known as structure function analysis. AP Librae was observed in April
of 2005 and 3c279 was observed in April of 2007. The data for AP Librae was
previously reduced by Andrew Collazzi and the author reduced the data for
3c279. Both sets of data were reduced using Robert Knop's data reduction
program.
The author ran structure function analysis on both sets of data. Structure function analysis is a statistical analysis run on data that is suppose to
nd timescales of variability, periodicity, and the noise type of data. Previous analysis of AP Librae confirmed mircrovariability, which also shows up in
the structure function of AP Librae. Blazar 3c279 was much quieter than AP
Librae and showed no microvariability durning any of the nights.College of Arts and ScienceDepartment of Physics and Astronom
Helium settling and mass loss in magnetic Ap stars
No full textThe chemical stratification is likely to play a predominant role in the excitation mechanism of high order modes in rapidly oscillating Ap stars.
In this paper we discuss some processes (convection, He settling, mass loss and turbulent mixing) which may strongly affect the chemical composition of Ap stars. We discuss their interplay with a dipolar magnetic field
in both magnetic polar and equatorial regions, where the magnetic lines are respectively mainly radially and horizontally oriented. We also present stellar evolutionary computations for magnetic Ap stars. As the magnetic geometry strongly breaks the sphericity of the star, we modeled and computed the polar and equatorial regions separately. We examine the effects of various chemical transport processes on the chemical stratification of both regions. In a forthcoming paper, we will study the stability of these models against pulsations
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