1,721,019 research outputs found
Culpepper, Pepper D., Hall, A. Peter, Palier, Bruno (dir.), La France en mutation, 1980-2005
No full textDupuy Claire, Pollard Julie. Culpepper, Pepper D., Hall, A. Peter, Palier, Bruno (dir.), La France en mutation, 1980-2005. In: Politiques et management public, vol. 24, n° 4, 2006. L'action publique au risque du client ? Client-centrisme et citoyenneté. Actes du quinzième Colloque international - Lille, jeudi 16 mars et vendredi 17 mars 2006 organisé en collaboration avec Sciences-Po Lille - Tome 2. pp. 160-165
Creating innovation markets: government venture capital in Europe
Get PDFUnder what circumstances do government venture capital programmes (GVCs) successfully catalyse the growth of entrepreneurial ecosystems? Debates have long raged in political science and economics on the role of the state in innovation. The rise of GVC introduces new data points and examples on the effectiveness of industrial policy. Through four case studies, this thesis looks in depth at what models of GVC have or have not worked in the European setting, which has been one of the most active laboratories for trialling such policies. It argues that GVC in continental Europe has been most effective when the state invested public resources to create innovation markets. These government agencies, it is argued, take on the role of a “Market Creator State,” which is a highly interventionist approach, but one which does not “pick the winners” nor directs top-down public investment towards “missions.” Instead, the Market Creator State invests alongside private actors, with a focus on developing horizontal innovation capabilities. This theory thus introduces a new model of state intervention. It argues that this industrial policy in Europe has not sought to create technologies to be exploited by existing market forces, but rather has created institutions to make innovation markets work. This “third model” transcends the dichotomy in the literature between a neoliberal “laissez faire” approach relying on existing comparative advantages and traditional industrial policies where states picked winners and target industries. This theory of the state as Market Creator thus has practical implications for policymakers, both for designing effective GVC programmes and for envisioning the role states can have in tackling the grand technological challenges that Europe faces
Global banks in national markets: a theory of post-crisis reform as democracies under constraint
Get PDFWhy have global banks been subject to such varying regulatory reform since the Global Financial Crisis? Despite a far-reaching global regulatory regime, many states supplemented these multilateral efforts with their own unilateral interventions, a process that has led the Financial Stability Board to warn of a “global fragmentation of the financial system”. This thesis argues that these unilateral reforms of global banks are the outcome of democracy under constraint. In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis policymakers faced unprecedented popular outrage over the activities of large financial institutions. The increasing salience of this issue forced them to respond to the democratic pressure for reform. In many cases, this response was constrained not by elite capture, but by economic pressure. Many advanced democracies are highly dependent on the value that financial institutions create in global markets, which they extract as fiscal revenue. Therefore, the degree of reform they can impose is constrained by its potential negative effect on the global firms that are intertwined with their national economies. The higher the state’s dependency on global banks, the more constrained will be the democratic response. This theory of post-crisis reform as democracy under constraint is tested on regulatory outcomes in three democracies which in 2011 were home to just under half of the world’s global banks: Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Australia – which did not experience bank bailouts in 2008 – is incorporated as a shadow case. This theory of post-crisis reform challenges established models. These have focused mainly on relationships among institutional elites and have failed to provide a comprehensive explanation for varying national responses to the GFC. By identifying the democratic drivers behind the most significant post-GFC reforms of global banks, this thesis offers a new and plausible explanation for the diverse regulatory outcomes. If it can be ascertained that democracy is able to reform global finance even under powerful economic constraints, this broadens the policy terrain in which the rules of advanced capitalism can be contested
Salience and sovereignty: the politics of taxing big tech in France and the United Kingdom
Get PDFWhat explains the passing of corporation tax reforms targeting tech multinationals in France and the United Kingdom at multiple levels? Focusing on policy developments in France and the United Kingdom from the second half of the 2010s to the signing of the OECD/G20 international tax agreement in October 2021, this research investigates the passing of five domestic unilateral reforms – France’s so-called ‘Google Tax’ and Digital Services Tax, the UK’s Diverted Profits Tax and Digital Services Tax, and the EU’s Digital Services Tax - and of two rounds of internationally coordinated tax reforms. The coexistence of these varied reform types within a short timeframe presents a puzzling case of public policy, in which governments pursued overlapping strategies to tax multinationals. It raises important questions about the drivers and constraints of tax policymaking in an era of digitalisation and economic globalisation. Drawing on qualitative process-tracing methodology, the research combines extensive elite interviews with documentary evidence and media coverage analysis to trace the causal mechanisms behind policy change. Through detailed case-studies of France, the UK, and OECD-led international negotiations, it shows how political salience created windows of opportunity for reform, while national economic interests shaped the scope and sustainability of policy change. The dissertation proposes a hybrid theoretical framework that integrates agenda-setting theories with interest-based models from comparative political economy. It suggests that political salience – raised and sustained by political entrepreneurs and media coverage – served as the primary catalyst for reform, transforming corporate tax policy from a technocratic matter into a politically urgent issue. It stresses the role of political intermediaries in the development and influence of political salience over public policy. The research challenges conventional explanations centered on partisanship and technocratic leadership, showing that these factors were secondary to the role of political salience in driving reform. It repositions international tax reform as a politically contingent – responsive to democratic accountability and domestic economic priorities even in complex, globally coordinated policy areas. This framework offers broader insights for understanding how states navigate competing pressures in other highly technical and politically salient domains, such as climate taxation, wealth regulation, and digital governance
Structural power and the study of business
No full textTo promote a unified conversation between international and comparative political economy, structural power is best conceptualized as a set of mutual dependencies between business and the state. A new generation of structural power research is more attentive to how the structure of capitalism creates opportunities for some companies (but not others) vis-à-vis the state, and the ways in which that structure creates leverage for some states (but not others) to play off companies against each other.-- Pepper D. Culpepper, Structural power and political science in the post-crisis era 391
-- Tasha Fairfield, Structural power in comparative political economy: perspectives from policy formulation in Latin America 411
-- Kevin Young, Not by structure alone: power, prominence, and agency in American finance 443
-- Patrick Emmenegger, The Long Arm of Justice: U.S. Structural Power and International Banking 473
-- William Kindred Winecoff, Structural power and the global financial crisis: a network analytical approach 495
-- Henry Farrell and Abraham L. Newman, Structuring power: business and authority beyond the nation state 527
-- Rawi Abdelal, The multinational firm and geopolitics: Europe, Russian energy, and power 553
-- David Marsh, Sadiya Akram and Holly Birkett, The structural power of business: taking structure, agency and ideas seriously 57
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Quiet politics in tumultuous times: business power, populism, and democracy
Get PDFThis article comments on a special issue of Politics & Society that examines “quiet politics” and the power of business in an era of “noisy politics.” The scholarship brought together in the issue shows that the world of business has indeed changed in the decade since Quiet Politics and Business Power was published, but also that quiet politics as a mode of low-salience interest advocacy seems alive and well. Building on this research, the article analyzes the different ways in which the rise of populist, noisy politics challenges business, how it challenges scholars studying business power, and how it challenges the functioning of the central feedback mechanism connecting political elites to mass publics in democracies—the media
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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