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A Festschrift in Honour of Regine Eckardt
No full textThis is a Festschrift in honour of Professor Regine Eckardt on the occasion of her 60th birthday in 2025
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Quantificational variability and the genesis of English headed wh-relatives
Full text linkEnglish headed wh-relatives developed from Old English free hw-relatives, but many descriptive grammars associate free hw-relatives primarily with generalizing interpretations quite unlike the standard semantics for headed relatives. We demonstrate that these generalizing inter- pretations are reducible to factors external to the free relative itself, and that these external factors are less common with clause-final free hw-relatives. Clause-final free hw-relatives are more likely to be interpreted as definite, which brings them closer to typical interpretation of headed relatives
Ich hätte da eine Analyse
Full text linkThis dissertation discusses a special use of the German subjunctive that I dub the "free factive" subjunctive (FFS). It is exemplified in (1).
(1) Ich hätte Pizza im Kühlschrank.
I have.SUBJ pizza in the fridge
`I have pizza in the fridge.'
There is an opportunity for you involving the fact that I have pizza in the fridge.
Unlike the more familiar uses of the subjunctive, the speaker can use (1) to make a "tentative offer"; that is, (1) not only conveys that the believes that there is in fact pizza in the fridge, but it conveys an additional meaning component paraphrased here as "there is an opportunity ... "
I show that this use of the subjunctive is distinct from two other uses of the German subjunctive: an irrealis use that is found cross-linguistically to express lowered epistemic commitment (cf. a.o. Farkas 1992, Villalta 2008, Matthewson 2010) and an evidential use that marks the utterance as part of a report (cf. a.o. Fabricius-Hansen and Saeboe 2004, Potts 2005, Sode 2014).
FFSs can only be used under two conditions:
a) there needs to be a salient decision problem in the context, and
b) the proposition co-occurring with the FFS needs to "boost" one of the decision problem's action alternatives.
Then the FFS conveys that there is a world where choosing the "boosted" action alternative is optimal. (Formally, I propose a multi-dimensional analysis using the framework argued for in McCready 2010 and Gutzmann 2012 and translating basic notions of decision theory into intensional semantics.)
I then discuss two types of relevance conditionals, only one of which is compatible with past tense.
(2) a. If you are hungry, there is pizza in the fridge.
b. If you were hungry (yesterday), there was pizza in the fridge.
(3) a. If I am being honest, you look awful.
b. *If I was being honest (yesterday), you looked awful.
I argue that we can maintain a unified analysis of relevance conditionals if we assume a pragmatic analysis based on conditional independence (along the lines of Franke 2009) and additionally assume that conditionals like (3a) are self-referential in the sense of Eckardt 2012: "you look awful" is an instantiation of "being honest"; therefore (3a) becomes true by uttering it. Uttering "you looked awful", on the other hand, cannot serve as an instantiation of "I was honest yesterday", causing (3b) to be odd
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Minimizers in conditional threats and promises
Full text linkMinimizer NPIs are famously licensed in conditional threats, but not promises. In this paper I show that this content-sensitivity is pragmatically motivated, independent of NPI licensing: minimizers are licensed in all types of conditionals. However, in most contexts it is not in the speaker’s best interest (and therefore irrational) to use a minimizer when making a promise, rendering such promises odd
Commonalities of expressives and predicates of personal taste
No full textThis paper compares expressives to other speaker-oriented expressions such as predicates of personal taste and compares some of the diagnostics that have been used to identify them. It shows that they share a surprising number of similarities, especially in questions
Discourse-structuring conditionals and past tense
Full text linkIn this paper I present some data that challenges the view that a unified semantics of biscuit conditionals and hypothetical conditionals is possible. There is a class of biscuit conditionals that cannot occur with past temporal reference. In these cases, the antecedent serves to structure the discourse and as such must be true of the discourse situation. I argue that this is the reason why the past tense is incompatible with these conditionals, and therefore we can nevertheless maintain a unified semantics for hypothetical and biscuit conditionals
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