1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evolution of diaphragmatic function in children under mechanical ventilation
No full textIntroduction : La dysfonction diaphragmatique est très fréquente chez des patients adultes aux soins intensifs et elle est associée à des évolutions cliniques défavorables. Il n’y a pour l’instant aucune méthode reconnue pour évaluer la fonction du diaphragme chez l’enfant sous ventilation mécanique (VM), et aucune étude décrivant son évolution dans le temps chez cette population.
Méthodes : Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué la fonction contractile du diaphragme chez des enfants sous ventilation invasive aux soins intensifs pédiatriques (SIP) et en salle d’opération (SOP). Pour ce faire, la pression au tube endotrachéal (Paw) et l’activité électrique du diaphragme (EAdi) étaient enregistrées simultanément lors de respirations spontanées pendant une brève manœuvre d’occlusion des voies respiratoires. Afin de prendre en compte la commande respiratoire, un ratio d’efficience neuro-mécanique (NME, Paw/EAdi) a d’abord été calculé puis validé par une analyse de variabilité. La fonction du diaphragme a ensuite été comparée entre les deux populations, et son évolution dans le temps au sein du groupe SIP décrite.
Résultats : Le NME médian était la mesure de fonction diaphragmatique la plus fiable, avec un coefficient de variation de 23.7% et 21.1% dans les groups SIP et SOP, respectivement. Le NME dans le groupe SIP après 21 heures de VM (1.80 cmH2O/μV, IQR 1.25–2.39) était significativement inférieur à celui du groupe SOP (3.65 cmH2O/μV, IQR 3.45–4.24, p = 0.015). Dans le groupe SIP, le NME n’a pas diminué de façon significative pendant la VM (coefficient de corrélation -0.011, p = 0.133).
Conclusion : La fonction diaphragmatique peut être mesurée au chevet des enfants sous VM par de brèves manœuvres d’occlusion. L’efficience du diaphragme était significativement plus élevée dans un groupe sain que dans une cohorte d’enfants critiquement malades, mais elle était stable dans ce groupe avec une commande respiratoire préservée. Dans le futur, les contributions relatives de la maladie critique et de la ventilation mécanique sur la fonction diaphragmatique devront être mieux caractérisées avant de procéder à l’évaluation de potentielles interventions visant à protéger le diaphragme.Introduction : Diaphragmatic dysfunction is highly prevalent in adult critical care and is associated with worse outcomes. There is at present no recognized method to assess diaphragmatic function in children under mechanical ventilation (MV) and no study describing its evolution over time in this population.
Methods : In this work, we have assessed the contractile function of the diaphragm in children under invasive MV in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and in the operating room (OR). This was done by simultaneously recording airway pressure at the endotracheal tube (Paw) and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) over consecutive spontaneous breaths during brief airway occlusion maneuvers. In order to account for central respiratory drive, a neuro-mechanical efficiency ratio (NME, Paw/EAdi) was first computed and then validated using variability analysis. Diaphragmatic function was then compared between the two populations and its evolution over time in the PICU group described.
Results : Median NME was the most reliable measure of diaphragmatic function with a coefficient of variation of 23.7% and 21.1% in the PICU and OR groups, respectively. NME in the PICU group after 21 hours of MV (1.80 cmH2O/μV, IQR 1.25–2.39) was significantly lower than in the OR group (3.65 cmH2O/μV, IQR 3.45–4.24, p = 0.015). In the PICU group, NME did not decrease significantly over time under MV (correlation coefficient -0.011, p = 0.133).
Conclusion : Diaphragmatic function can be measured at the bedside of children under MV using brief airway occlusions. Diaphragm efficiency was significantly higher in healthy controls than in a cohort of critically ill children, but it was stable over time under MV in this group with preserved respiratory drive. In the future, the relative contributions of critical illness and mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic function should be better characterized before evaluating potential interventions aimed at protecting the diaphragm
Evolution of diaphragmatic function in children under mechanical ventilation
Get PDFIntroduction : La dysfonction diaphragmatique est très fréquente chez des patients adultes aux soins intensifs et elle est associée à des évolutions cliniques défavorables. Il n’y a pour l’instant aucune méthode reconnue pour évaluer la fonction du diaphragme chez l’enfant sous ventilation mécanique (VM), et aucune étude décrivant son évolution dans le temps chez cette population.
Méthodes : Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué la fonction contractile du diaphragme chez des enfants sous ventilation invasive aux soins intensifs pédiatriques (SIP) et en salle d’opération (SOP). Pour ce faire, la pression au tube endotrachéal (Paw) et l’activité électrique du diaphragme (EAdi) étaient enregistrées simultanément lors de respirations spontanées pendant une brève manœuvre d’occlusion des voies respiratoires. Afin de prendre en compte la commande respiratoire, un ratio d’efficience neuro-mécanique (NME, Paw/EAdi) a d’abord été calculé puis validé par une analyse de variabilité. La fonction du diaphragme a ensuite été comparée entre les deux populations, et son évolution dans le temps au sein du groupe SIP décrite.
Résultats : Le NME médian était la mesure de fonction diaphragmatique la plus fiable, avec un coefficient de variation de 23.7% et 21.1% dans les groups SIP et SOP, respectivement. Le NME dans le groupe SIP après 21 heures de VM (1.80 cmH2O/μV, IQR 1.25–2.39) était significativement inférieur à celui du groupe SOP (3.65 cmH2O/μV, IQR 3.45–4.24, p = 0.015). Dans le groupe SIP, le NME n’a pas diminué de façon significative pendant la VM (coefficient de corrélation -0.011, p = 0.133).
Conclusion : La fonction diaphragmatique peut être mesurée au chevet des enfants sous VM par de brèves manœuvres d’occlusion. L’efficience du diaphragme était significativement plus élevée dans un groupe sain que dans une cohorte d’enfants critiquement malades, mais elle était stable dans ce groupe avec une commande respiratoire préservée. Dans le futur, les contributions relatives de la maladie critique et de la ventilation mécanique sur la fonction diaphragmatique devront être mieux caractérisées avant de procéder à l’évaluation de potentielles interventions visant à protéger le diaphragme.Introduction : Diaphragmatic dysfunction is highly prevalent in adult critical care and is associated with worse outcomes. There is at present no recognized method to assess diaphragmatic function in children under mechanical ventilation (MV) and no study describing its evolution over time in this population.
Methods : In this work, we have assessed the contractile function of the diaphragm in children under invasive MV in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and in the operating room (OR). This was done by simultaneously recording airway pressure at the endotracheal tube (Paw) and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) over consecutive spontaneous breaths during brief airway occlusion maneuvers. In order to account for central respiratory drive, a neuro-mechanical efficiency ratio (NME, Paw/EAdi) was first computed and then validated using variability analysis. Diaphragmatic function was then compared between the two populations and its evolution over time in the PICU group described.
Results : Median NME was the most reliable measure of diaphragmatic function with a coefficient of variation of 23.7% and 21.1% in the PICU and OR groups, respectively. NME in the PICU group after 21 hours of MV (1.80 cmH2O/μV, IQR 1.25–2.39) was significantly lower than in the OR group (3.65 cmH2O/μV, IQR 3.45–4.24, p = 0.015). In the PICU group, NME did not decrease significantly over time under MV (correlation coefficient -0.011, p = 0.133).
Conclusion : Diaphragmatic function can be measured at the bedside of children under MV using brief airway occlusions. Diaphragm efficiency was significantly higher in healthy controls than in a cohort of critically ill children, but it was stable over time under MV in this group with preserved respiratory drive. In the future, the relative contributions of critical illness and mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic function should be better characterized before evaluating potential interventions aimed at protecting the diaphragm
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
