1,720,964 research outputs found
Modifying the diet to increase satiety could help in preventing weight gain
No full textIntroduction
The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effects of two different types of meals consumed at lunch on satiety, on glycemia and on the total calories consumed at dinner.
Method
The characteristics of the two lunches were: 1) they were isocaloric; 2) they had different composition of macronutrients and, based on the available literature, one was expected to be “highly satiating” while the other was expected to be “poorly satiating”. The two different lunches were compared in two different days. The two different days were chosen so to be comparable in term of working hours and physical activity level and consequently in caloric expenditure by each subject. Volunteers were free to choose breakfast according to their needs but were requested to have an identical breakfast on the two test days. At dinner, in both test days, it was offered the same kind of dinner to allow for comparison. At dinner, all participants were free to eat as much food until they considered themselves fully satisfied. On the following «test day» they should eat the same variety of food although the quantities were left free. All food consumed at dinner was recorded to allow calculation of the total consumed calories.
Results
The analysis of these data suggest that a “satiating lunch” has a large influence on the amount of calories consumed during the following dinner and on the feeling of satiety perceived during the afternoon.
Discussion
This study is suggesting that a better attention on food satiation qualities may have a profound effect in preventing overweight and obesity. It is well know that the western world is experiencing an obesity epidemic with its burden of associated disease. Overweight and obesity in the western world are clearly associated with increasing age. Prevention of excessive weight in the elderly will allow a more active and consequently healthier life style
Genetic instability and aging under the scrutiny of comparative biology: A meta-analysis of spontaneous micronuclei frequency
No full textIn gerontology, comparative biology of longevity offers a powerful observation point thus far underexploited. We use this approach to evaluate the role of genetic stability in longevity determination, extrapolating existing data from the literature. Screening eight pre-existing studies, we collected data from 47 mammalian species and analyzed the relationship of spontaneous micronucleated erythrocyte frequency to species maximum longevity and species adult body mass. Since in 26 of these species the spleen removes micronucleated erythrocytes from the peripheral circulation, we conducted further comparative analysis on the remaining 21 species. We demonstrate that spontaneous micronucleated erythrocyte frequency correlates primarily with body mass and not with maximum longevity. We suggest that other data on genetic stability could be collected from published works in different species and analyzed in a similar way to test further the role of genetic stability in aging
DNA Damage Detection by 53BP1: Relationship to Species Longevity
Get PDFIn order to examine potential differences in genomic stability, we have challenged fibroblasts derived from five different mammalian species of variable longevity with the genotoxic agents, etoposide and neocarzinostatin. We report that cells from longer-lived species exhibit more tumor protein p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci for a given degree of DNA damage relative to shorter-lived species. The presence of a greater number of 53BP1 foci was associated with decreased DNA fragmentation and a lower percentage of cells exhibiting micronuclei. These data suggest that cells from longer-lived species have an enhanced DNA damage response. We propose that the number of 53BP1 foci that form in response to damage reflects the intrinsic capacity of cells to detect and respond to DNA harms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Longevity, Aging and DNA Damage: Investigation of the Role of 53BP1 in the Maintenance of Genomic Stability
Get PDF1. A comparative analysis in five mammalian species of 53BP1 repair foci and micronuclei expression shows an inverse correlation of these two DNA damage markers: higher level of 53BP1 foci are associated to lower incidence of micronuclei formation.
2. By CRISPR-CAS9 methodology, a 53BP1 knock down model, comparable to the difference observed among species, was reproduced: stable downregulation of 53BP1 is associated to lower survival and increase of micronuclei frequency in response to DNA damage.
3. Spontaneous micronuclei (MN) frequency is inversely proportional to adult body mass.
4. 53BP1 as DNA damage marker for the aging process: increased spontaneous 53BP1 foci level and small decrease of repair efficiency are associated to the increase of chronological age, in human donors
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