1,720,958 research outputs found
Traffici finanziari e mercantili tra Milano e Lisbona nella seconda metà del XVI secolo.
No full textNel XVI secolo i viaggi di esplorazione marittima verso l'India permisero al piccolo regno di Portogallo di assumere una dimensione imperiale. Nell'ultimo ventennio del secolo la crisi dinastica che seguì alla scomparsa di D. Sebastião I e l'unione delle corone iberiche sotto il regno di Filippo II di Spagna portò all’inclusione del Portogallo entro i confini della Monarchia Composita che aveva il suo centro nella corte di Madrid.
In questa realtà politico-geografica operavano, nella seconda metà del XVI secolo, gruppi di mercanti di origine milanese, che, trasferitisi nella capitale portoghese, si dedicarono al commercio del pepe. Il lavoro ha lo scopo si ridisegnare il percorso economico di questi gruppi di operatori finanziari da Milano verso la penisola iberica, per raggiungere infine Lisbona, isolando al suo interno la figura di Giovanni Battista Rovellasca. Dopo un inquadramento storico delle vicende dell'unione delle corone iberiche e della edificazione dello Estado da Índia, a partire da un'iniziale riflessione sul tema della costruzione di social networks e sull'importanza della creazione di reti di relazioni improntate alla fiducia e alla reputazione reciproca, si é cercato di tracciare in senso cronologico il percorso che ha portato Giovanni Battista Rovellasca ad abbandonare Milano e dedicarsi all'attività di importazione e riesportazione del pepe proveniente dalle Indie, ampliando successivamente i suoi interessi commerciali ad altri tipi di traffici, tra cui quello degli schiavi. Il legame con le comunità di origine, soprattutto per la ricerca di finanziamenti tra gli esponenti delle élites finanziarie italiane, e le relazioni con i gruppi di hombres de negocios locali o stranieri che operavano nella penisola iberica, sono al centro della ricerca documentaria che ha sostenuto questo lavoro. A questi interessi si aggiunge anche il tema delle relazioni con il potere imperiale e il sostegno alle compromesse finanze della Corona, dal momento che il commercio con l'India era sottoposto ad una forma di controllo monopolistico da parte della Fazenda Real. Il ricorso al credito, e la sua importanza nel finanziamento dei viaggi oceanici, sono fondamentali per comprendere l'evoluzione di un tipo di commercio che nel corso del XVI secolo ha conosciuto notevoli successi, ma anche innegabili fallimenti.During the XVI century the maritime explorations to India allowed the small kingdom of Portugal to assume an imperial dimension. In the last twenty years of the century, the dynastic crisis, that followed the disappearance of D. Sebastião I and the union of the Iberian crowns under the reign of Philip II of Spain, led to the inclusion of Portugal into the boundaries of the so-called Composite Monarchy whose centre is the Court of Spain.
Within this political and geographical context, in the second half of the XVI century, groups of Milanese merchants, who moved to Lisbon to dedicate themselves to pepper trade, were conducing their trades. This work aims at tracing the commercial paths of these financial agents from Milan towards the Iberian Peninsula, up to Lisbon. Within those merchants, the figure of Giovanni Battista Rovellasca is isolated and studied.
Once the historical background of the union of the Iberian crowns and the establishment of Estado da Ìndia are defined, this work analyzes the building of social networks and the importance of creation of networks relations based on trust and reputation.
From this initial analysis, the path that led Giovanni Battista Rovellasca to abandon Milan and to dedicate himself to the activities of importing and re-exporting of Indian pepper, and, subsequently, to enlarge his commercial interests to other kinds of commerce such of slave trade, is traced chronologically.
The relations with communities of origin of financial elites, from whom Rovellasca collected the funding for his activities, and the links with groups of local or strangers merchants that operated in the Iberian Peninsula, are at the centre of documentary research that supported this work. Another theme is the relation with the imperial power and the support to impaired sovereign finances, since trading with India was subjected to a monopolistic control from Fazenda Real. The importance of the recourse to credit to financing oceanic commerce is fundamental to understand the development of this kind of commercial activities that knew many successes, but also undeniable failures
L’ecosistema imprenditoriale di Monza e Brianza all’inizio del XXI secolo: una Ratio Analysis del territorio
No full textLe politiche a sostegno dell’impresa in prospettiva storica e il caso di Monza-Brianza (2011-2019)
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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