1,720,963 research outputs found
Notes on the Feeding ecology, relative density and touristic impact of carnovores of the Iguazú National Park, Misiones Argentina
Get PDFEl Parque Nacional Iguazú de 67.000 ha., está ubicado al N. de Misiones, Argentina y protege una porción representativa de la Selva Paranaense. Las especies de carnívoros estudiadas fueron: Panthera onca, Puma concolor, Leopardus pardalis, 1,. wiedi, L. tigrina, Herpailurus yaguarondi, líira barbara, Galicris caja, Nasua nasua, Procyon cancrivorous y Cerdocyon thous. El objetivo general del presente estudio consistió en obtener nuevos conocimientos sobre los carnívoros que habitan este área protegida con el fin de contar con información básica para la conservación y manejo de éstas especies. Se determinaron los hábitos alimentarios y la disponibilidad de alimento con que cuentan a lo largo del año. Se estimó la presencia y el número mínimo de estas especies en áreas de uso antrópico del Parque. Se estudió el impacto de las actividades humanas sobre estos carnívoros en distintas áreas del Parque Nacional Iguazú. La demanda alimentaria de los carnívoros de gran porte se centró en grandes presas como Mazama sp.,Tapirus Terrestris y medianas como Agouti paca, Dasyprocla azarae, Dasypus 5p., además de didélfidos y reptiles. En un área subtropical como la estudiada, la variabilidad estacional observada en la dieta de los carnívoros y su amplio espectro de presas, incluyen tanto animales como vegetales. Esto podría ser considerado una estrategia que permite superar periodos de escasez de alimento y, además, aprovechar recursos localmente abundantes tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo. Para los carnívoros - frugívoros (predadores medianos) la estacionalídad o la escasez en la disponibilidad de frutos carnosos podría ser amortiguada por los frutos de las palmeras, principalmente por A. romanzoffanum cuyos frutos fueron hallados en heces de C. thous, P. cancrivorous y N. nasua. En el caso de los carnívoros especialistas el oportunismo juega un papel importante en la obtención de las presas, pudiendo consumir prácticamente todas las especies de vertebrados que tengan a su alcance, amortiguando así sus variaciones estacionales. Con respecto a las interacciones hombre-fauna silvestre, el aumento del tránsito vehicular aparece relacionado con una mayor frecuencia de atropellamientos de fauna. Los sectores donde se registraron el mayor número de atropellamientos coinciden con las rutas asfaltadas, donde los vehículos se desplazan a mayor velocidad. Surge de este estudio que al menos las rutas asfaltadas deberían minimizar el impacto que ocasionan sobre la fauna estando restringidas solamente al turismo o a un área periférica al Parque. La ingesta de desperdicios o comida "no natural" que le brindan los turistas a los carnívoros es otro de los problemas relacionados con el impacto que ocasionan los visitantes, sobre la fauna de carnívoros silvestres. Uno de los factores más importantes en la declinación de las poblaciones de carnívoros es la pérdida del hábitat, principalmente debido al avance de la frontera agrícola ganadera, que propicia la deforestación. La desaparición de la fauna cerca de las áreas pobladas y un manejo ineficiente del ganado predisponen a estos predadores a consumir ganado doméstico. La captura de los animales - problema debe ser realizada por personal experimentado respondiendo a un programa de manejo y conservación de estas especies encarado por organismos gubernamentales, apoyando y educando a la par al ganadero. Se deberán considerar a los programas de educación ambiental como una herramienta prioritaria de manejo para solucionar estos problemas. El tiempo y costo que estas actividades demanden retomará con mayores beneficios tanto para la fauna como para los visitantes.The Iguazú National Park consists of 67,000 ha, it is located in the North of Misiones, Argentina and it protects a relevant portion of the Paranaense Forest. The species of carnivores studied were: Panthera onca,Puma concolor, Leopardus pardalis, L. wiedi, L. ligrina, Herpailums yaguarondi, Eira barbara, Galiclis cuja, Nasua nasua, Procyon cancrivorous and Cerdocyon rhous. The general objective of the present study was to obtain updated knowledge on the carnivores inhabiting these protected area so as to count on basic information for the conservation and management of said species. Their feeding habits and the food availability they count on along the year were assessed. Presence and minimum number of these species in antropogenic used areas of the Park were estimated. And the impact of antropogenic activities on these carnivores in different areas of the Iguazu National Park was studied. For large carnivores the food demand would be centered in big prey such as Mazama sp, Tapirus Terrestris y medianas como Agouri paca, Dasyprocra azarae, Dasypus sp., apart from didelphians and reptiles. The season variability observed in the diet of carnivores inhabiting subtropical areas and their wide prey range which includes animals as well as plants, is a strategy that allows them to overcome periods of food shortage and also take advantege of locally abundant resources, along space and time. For the carnivores — frugivores (medium predators) seasonality or the shortage in the availability of fleshy fruits could be softened by the fruits of palms, mainly those of A. romanzoffíanum whose fruits were found in heces of C. thous, P. cancrivorous y N. nasua. In the case of specialists carnivores opportunity plays an important role in the obtention of prey, as they can consume practically all the vertebrate species they have at hand, thus softening seasonal variations. With respect to the interaction human - wild fauna, the increase of vehicle traffic is related to a larger frequency of fauna being run over. The areas where the highest frequencies of run over fauna were registered coincide with paved roads, where vehicles run at higher speeds. This study suggest that paved roads should at least minimize the impact they exert on the fauna, being restricted only to tourism to a peripheric area of the park. The ingestion of trash or “non-natural ” food provided by tourists is another problem related to the impact provoked by visitors on carnivores wild fauna. One of the most important factors in the decline in carnivore populations is the loss of habitat, mainly as a result of the advance of the agricultural borders, which promotes deforestation. The disappearance of fauna near human inhabited areas and the inefficiency in the management of cattle predispose these predators on consuming livestock. The capture of these problem-animals must be made by specialized staff as part of a management and conservation program for these species developed by government agencies, training and helping farmers as well. Environmental education programs are to be considered as priority plans of management to solve these problems. The time and cost these activities demand will turn back in benefits both for the fauna and the visitors.Fil:Montanelli, Silvana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Molecular tracking of jaguar melanism using faecal DNA
Get PDFMajor evolutionary questions remain elusive due to persistent difficulties in directly studying the genetics of variable phenotypes in natural populations. Many phenotypic variants may be of adaptive relevance, and thus important to consider in the context of conservation genetics. However, since the dynamics of these traits is usually poorly understood in the wild, their incorporation in conservation strategies is difficult to accomplish. For animals which exhibit intriguing phenotypic variation but are difficult to track in the wild, innovative approaches are required to investigate such issues. Here we demonstrate that non-invasive DNA sampling can be used to study the genetics and ecology of melanism in the jaguar, by directly genotyping the molecular polymorphism underlying this coloration trait. These results open new prospects for the in-depth investigation of this polymorphism, and highlight the broader potential of non-invasive DNA-based phenotype tracking for wildlife in general.Fil: Haag, Taiana. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Santos, Analisie S.. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Valdez, Fernanda P.. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Sana, Dênis A.. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; BrasilFil: Silveira, Leandro. Instituto Onça Pintada; BrasilFil: Cullen Jr., Laury. Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; BrasilFil: de Angelo, Carlos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; ArgentinaFil: Morato, Ronaldo G.. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Mamíferos Carnívoros; Brasil. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; BrasilFil: Crawshaw Jr., Peter G.. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Mamíferos Carnívoros; BrasilFil: Salzano, Francisco M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Eizirik, Eduardo. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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