738 research outputs found
Updating the Clinical Application of Blood Biomarkers and Their Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Critical Review
No full textThe most common primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its mortality rate is increasing globally. The overall 5-year survival of patients with liver cancer is currently 10–20%. Moreover, because early diagnosis can significantly improve prognosis, which is highly correlated with tumor stage, early detection of HCC is critical. International guidelines advise using α-FP biomarker with/without ultrasonography for HCC surveillance in patients with advanced liver disease. However, traditional biomarkers are sub-optimal for risk stratification of HCC development in high-risk populations, early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment response prediction. Since about 20% of HCCs do not produce α-FP due to its biological diversity, combining α-FP with novel biomarkers can enhance HCC detection sensitivity. There is a chance to offer promising cancer management methods in high-risk populations by utilizing HCC screening strategies derived from new tumor biomarkers and prognostic scores created by combining biomarkers with distinct clinical parameters. Despite numerous efforts to identify molecules as potential biomarkers, there is no single ideal marker in HCC. When combined with other clinical parameters, the detection of some biomarkers has higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison with a single biomarker. Therefore, newer biomarkers and models, such as the Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of Alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP), α-FP-L3, Des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin (DCP or PIVKA-II), and the GALAD score, are being used more frequently in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Notably, the GALAD algorithm was effective in HCC prevention, particularly for cirrhotic patients, regardless of the cause of their liver disease. Although the role of these biomarkers in surveillance is still being researched, they may provide a more practical alternative to traditional imaging-based surveillance. Finally, looking for new diagnostic/surveillance tools may help improve patients’ survival. This review discusses the current roles of the most used biomarkers and prognostic scores that may aid in the clinical management of HCC patients
Hepatitis E Virus: What More Do We Need to Know?
No full text: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is typically a self-limiting, acute illness that spreads through the gastrointestinal tract but replicates in the liver. However, chronic infections are possible in immunocompromised individuals. The HEV virion has two shapes: exosome-like membrane-associated quasi-enveloped virions (eHEV) found in circulating blood or in the supernatant of infected cell cultures and non-enveloped virions ("naked") found in infected hosts' feces and bile to mediate inter-host transmission. Although HEV is mainly spread via enteric routes, it is unclear how it penetrates the gut wall to reach the portal bloodstream. Both virion types are infectious, but they infect cells in different ways. To develop personalized treatment/prevention strategies and reduce HEV impact on public health, it is necessary to decipher the entry mechanism for both virion types using robust cell culture and animal models. The contemporary knowledge of the cell entry mechanism for these two HEV virions as possible therapeutic target candidates is summarized in this narrative review
Network Proximity-Based Drug Repurposing Strategy for Early and Late Stages of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
No full textPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, cholestatic, immune-mediated, and progressive liver disorder. Treatment to preventing the disease from advancing into later and irreversible stages is still an unmet clinical need. Accordingly, we set up a drug repurposing framework to find potential therapeutic agents targeting relevant pathways derived from an expanded pool of genes involved in different stages of PBC. Starting with updated human protein–protein interaction data and genes specifically involved in the early and late stages of PBC, a network medicine approach was used to provide a PBC “proximity” or “involvement” gene ranking using network diffusion algorithms and machine learning models. The top genes in the proximity ranking, when combined with the original PBC-related genes, resulted in a final dataset of the genes most involved in PBC disease. Finally, a drug repurposing strategy was implemented by mining and utilizing dedicated drug–gene interaction and druggable genome information knowledge bases (e.g., the DrugBank repository). We identified several potential drug candidates interacting with PBC pathways after performing an over-representation analysis on our initial 1121-seed gene list and the resulting disease-associated (algorithm-obtained) genes. The mechanism and potential therapeutic applications of such drugs were then thoroughly discussed, with a particular emphasis on different stages of PBC disease. We found that interleukin/EGFR/TNF-alpha inhibitors, branched-chain amino acids, geldanamycin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, genistein, antioestrogens, curcumin, antineovascularisation agents, enzyme/protease inhibitors, and antirheumatic agents are promising drugs targeting distinct stages of PBC. We developed robust and transparent selection mechanisms for prioritizing already approved medicinal products or investigational products for repurposing based on recognized unmet medical needs in PBC, as well as solid preliminary data to achieve this goal
Corrado Cagli. Transatlantic bridges, 1938-1947
No full textIn the 1930s the young Italian artist, Corrado Cagli was a rising star of the Scuola Romana, supported by the Fascist regime despite being both Jewish and a homosexual. Following the Racial Laws, he fled first to Paris, and then to the USA, where he remained until 1947. Raffaele Bedarida’s new book, Corrado Cagli – La pittura, l’esilio, l’America (1938-1947) Donzelli Editore, 2018 (soon to be translated into English by CPL Editions), focuses on Cagli’s American exile.
While examining Cagli in the context of the artistic and intellectual migration from Europe to the US, Bedarida provides valuable new insight into the specific plight of this Italian Jewish artist, once championed by Fascism and into the complexities of the use of art for cultural diplomacy.
The author combines biography, cultural history, and critical analysis in exploring a decisive period in the life and work of a painter whose complex personality and non-signature style, defy classifications. The book also provides thought-provoking and nuanced arguments on the ideologically based ostracism that Cagli encountered upon returning to Italy in the immediate aftermath of the war. Because of his past as a former regime-endorsed artist, his recent American success, his participation in the liberation of Europe from Nazi-Fascism with the American army, and Jewish exile, Cagli simply did not fit into any of the faction of Italy’s post-war heated cultural disputes.
Based on extensive original research and written with brio, Bedarida’s book is an essential contribution to a growing field of studies that examine how, by welcoming artist and intellectuals in flight from Nazi-Fascism, the United States had been given what Will Norman has called “custodianship for a civilization.
Proceedings of the LREC 2020 workshop on Resources and Techniques for User and Author Profiling in Abusive Language (ResT-UP 2020)
No full textThis volume documents the Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Resources and Techniques for User and Author Profiling in Abusive Language (ResT-UP), held online on 12 May 2020 as part of the LREC 2020 conference (International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation).
The workshop aimed at bringing together researchers and scholars working on author profiling and automatic detection of abusive language on the Web, e.g., cyberbullying or hate speech, with a twofold objective: improving the existing LRs, e.g., datasets, corpora, lexicons, and sharing ideas on stylometry techniques and features needed for profile information extraction and classification. ResT-UP targeted Profiling scholars and research groups, experts in Statistic and Stylistic Analysis of texts as well as computational linguists who investigate author profile and personality both in short texts (social media posts, blog texts and email) and in long texts (such as pamphlets, (fake) news and political documents). ReST-UP represented an opportunity to share profiling experiments with the scientific community and to show automatic detection techniques of abusive language on the Web. Despite the cancellation of LREC 2020 due to the COVID-19 international emergency, ResT-UP was organized online on Microsoft Teams on May 12th 2020 and the programme included three oral presentations and featured an invited talk by Paolo Rosso. ResT-UP was attended by about fifty representatives of academic and industrial organisations
Slavo, romanzo, germanico. A proposito di alcune somiglianze e differenze nello sviluppo fonologico
No full textRaffaele Caldarelli
Slavic, Romance,Germanic: about some Similarities and Differences in Phonological Development
In this paper the author aims at drawing a sketch of some aspects of the early Slavic phonological development, in terms of syllable structure, vocal quantity etc. The natural theory of syllabifi cation is taken into account as well as other factors. He tries also to shed some light on several controversial questions by a brief attempt at making a typological comparison between some aspects of phonological development in Slavic, Romance and Germanic languages. In this frame he discusses mainly some features of syllable structure in Romance and Germanic languages
Per una temporalità circadiana. «Tre romanzi di una giornata» (1982) di Raffaele La Capria
No full textIn this paper, the author offers a Ricœurian reading of the ‘circadian novel’, taking Raffaele La Capria’s Tre romanzi di una giornata as his case study. After discussing current scholarship on the ‘temporal turn’ and the so called ‘one-day novel’, the author investigates the temporal structures of La Capria’s works through three temporal elements: differential, mundane, and mimetic. The author argues that these three elements, functioning both with and against each other, express the central concern of the circadian novel, namely the ‘fullness of time’
Correction to: Ultra-late response (> 24 weeks) to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in migraine: a multicenter, prospective, observational study (Journal of Neurology, (2024), 271, 5, (2434-2443), 10.1007/s00415-023-12103-4)
No full textIn the original version of this article, degree “ERT” of author Bonassi Stefano was incorrectly written as author in author group. Author group which previously read: Piero Barbanti1,2 · Cinzia Aurilia1 · Gabriella Egeo1 · Stefania Proietti3 · Florindo D’Onofrio4 · Paola Torelli5 · Marco Aguggia6 · Davide Bertuzzo6 · Cinzia Finocchi7 · Michele Trimboli8 · Sabina Cevoli9 · Giulia Fiorentini1 · Bianca Orlando1 · Maurizio Zucco10 · Laura Di Clemente10 · Ilaria Cetta11 · Bruno Colombo11 · Monica Laura Bandettini di Poggio12 · Valentina Favoni9 · Licia Grazzi13 · Antonio Salerno14 · Antonio Carnevale15 · Micaela Robotti16 · Fabio Frediani16 · Claudia Altamura17 · Massimo Filippi11 · Fabrizio Vernieri17 · Stefano Bonassi2,4 · ERT; for the Italian Migraine Registry study group. Should have read: Piero Barbanti1,2 · Cinzia Aurilia1 · Gabriella Egeo1 · Stefania Proietti3 · Florindo D’Onofrio4 · Paola Torelli5 · Marco Aguggia6 · Davide Bertuzzo6 · Cinzia Finocchi7 · Michele Trimboli8 · Sabina Cevoli9 · Giulia Fiorentini1 · Bianca Orlando1 · Maurizio Zucco10 · Laura Di Clemente10 · Ilaria Cetta11 · Bruno Colombo11 · Monica Laura Bandettini di Poggio12 · Valentina Favoni9 · Licia Grazzi13 · Antonio Salerno14 · Antonio Carnevale15 · Micaela Robotti16 · Fabio Frediani16 · Claudia Altamura17 · Massimo Filippi11 · Fabrizio Vernieri17 · Stefano Bonassi2,3 · for the Italian Migraine Registry study group. And affiliation details for author Stefano Bonassi were incorrectly given as 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 4Headache Center Neurology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 4Headache Center Neurology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy but should have been: 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 3Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele (not 2 and 4) 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 3Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele (not 2 and 4
A Dive into the AgriTech World: Technologies and Adoption Incentives
No full textIn this column, rather than taking a trip to a geographical location, the author explore the world of AgriTech, shedding light on the currently available technology assets and on some of the hurdles any technology transfer initiative in this domain is facing, slowing down adoption of ICT in agriculture. Through this journey the author will therefore at first take a look at the landscape of technology enablers supporting the vision of an upcoming fourth agricultural revolution, while in the second part the author will juxtapose a picture of what the world of potential adopters looks like, identifying what are the adoption showstoppers
Il Principe e la "lunga esperienza delle cose moderne"
No full textMachiavelli's Principe and the practical experience of the author in the second chancery of Florentine republi
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