1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Score de propension en grande dimension et régression pénalisée pour la détection automatisée de signaux en pharmacovigilance
No full textPost-marketing pharmacovigilance aims to detect as early as possible adverse effects of marketed drugs. It relies on large databases of individual case safety reports of adverse events suspected to be drug-induced. Several automated signal detection tools have been developed to mine these large amounts of data in order to highlight suspicious adverse event-drug combinations. Classical signal detection methods are based on disproportionality analyses of counts aggregating patients’ reports. Recently, multiple regression-based methods have been proposed to account for multiple drug exposures. In chapter 2, we propose a signal detection method based on the high-dimensional propensity score (HDPS). An empirical study, conducted on the French pharmacovigilance database with a reference signal set pertaining to drug-induced liver injury (DILIrank), is carried out to compare the performance of this method (in 12 modalities) to methods based on lasso penalized regressions. In this work, the influence of the score estimation method is minimal, unlike the score integration method. In particular, HDPS weighting with matching weights shows good performances, comparable to those of lasso-based methods. In chapter 3, we propose a method based on a lasso extension: the adaptive lasso which allows to introduce specific penalties to each variable through adaptive weights. We propose two new weights adapted to spontaneous reports data, as well as the use of the BIC for the choice of the penalty term. An extensive simulation study is performed to compare the performances of our proposals with other implementations of the adaptive lasso, a disproportionality method, lasso-based methods and HDPS-based methods. The proposed methods show overall better results in terms of false discoveries and sensitivity than competing methods. An empirical study similar to the one conducted in chapter 2 completes the evaluation. All the evaluated methods are implemented in the R package "adapt4pv" available on the CRAN. Alongside to methodological developments in spontaneous reporting, there has been a growing interest in the use of medico-administrative databases for signal detection in pharmacovigilance. Methodological research efforts in this area are to be developed. In chapter 4, we explore detection strategies exploiting spontaneous reports and the national health insurance permanent sample (Echantillon Généraliste des bénéficiaires, EGB). We first evaluate the performance of a detection on the EGB using DILIrank. Then, we consider a detection conducted on spontaneous reports based on an adaptive lasso integrating, through weights, the information related to the drug exposure of a control group measured in the EGB. In both cases, the contribution of medico-administrative data is difficult to evaluate because of the relatively small size of the EGB.La pharmacovigilance a pour but de détecter le plus précocement possible les effets indésirables des médicaments commercialisés. Elle repose sur l’exploitation de grandes bases de données de notifications spontanées, c’est-à-dire de cas rapportés par des professionnels de santé d’évènements indésirables soupçonnées d’être d’origine médicamenteuse. L’exploitation automatique de ces données pour l’identification de signaux statistiques repose classiquement sur des méthodes de disproportionnalité qui s’appuient sur la forme agrégée des données. Plus récemment, des méthodes basées sur des régressions multiples ont été proposées pour prendre en compte les poly-expositions médicamenteuses. Dans le chapitre 2, nous proposons une méthode basée sur le score de propension en grande dimension (HDPS). Une étude empirique, conduite sur la base de pharmacovigilance française et basée sur un ensemble de référence relatif aux atteintes hépatiques aigues (DILIrank), est réalisée pour comparer les performances de cette méthode (déclinée en 12 modalités) à des méthodes basées sur des régressions pénalisées lasso. Dans ce travail, l’influence de la méthode d’estimation des scores est minime, contrairement à la méthode d’intégration des scores. En particulier, la pondération sur l’HDPS avec des poids matching weights montre de bonnes performances, comparables à celles des méthodes basées sur le lasso. Dans le chapitre 3, nous proposons une méthode basée sur extension du lasso: le lasso adaptatif qui permet d’introduire des pénalités propres à chaque variable via des poids. Nous proposons deux nouveaux poids adaptés aux données de notifications, ainsi que l’utilisation du BIC pour le choix de la valeur de pénalité. Une vaste étude de simulations est réalisée pour comparer les performances de nos propositions à d’autres implémentations du lasso adaptatif, une méthode de disproportionnalité, des méthodes basées sur le lasso et sur l’HDPS. Les méthodes proposées montrent globalement de meilleurs résultats en termes de fausses découvertes et de sensibilité que les méthodes concurrentes. Une étude empirique analogue à celle du chapitre 2 vient compléter l’évaluation. Toutes les méthodes présentées sont implémentées dans le package R « adapt4pv » disponible sur le CRAN. En parallèle des développements méthodologiques sur les notifications spontanées, un intérêt croissant s’est porté autour de l’utilisation des bases médico-administratives pour la détection de signaux en pharmacovigilance. Les efforts de recherche méthodologique dans ce domaine en sont encore à leurs débuts. Dans le chapitre 4, nous explorons des stratégies de détection exploitant les notifications spontanées et l’Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB). Nous évaluons tout d’abord les performances d'une détection sur l'EGB à partir de DILIrank. Puis, nous considérons une détection conduite sur les notifications spontanées basée sur un lasso adaptatif intégrant, au travers de ses poids, l’information relative à l’exposition médicamenteuse d’individus contrôles mesurée dans l'EGB. Dans les deux cas, l’apport des données médico-administratives est difficile à évaluer du fait de la relative faible taille des données de l’EGB
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
