1,720,993 research outputs found
Cosa sono le lingue inventate?
No full textCosa sono le lingue inventate? Questa domanda, in apparenza molto semplice, apre la porta a una miriade di considerazioni aggiuntive. Quando pensiamo alla definizione di lingue inventate (o lingue costruite o artificiali, non abbiamo qui la pretesa di entrare nelle sottigliezze che le diverse definizioni comportano) è inevitabile pensare anche alle motivazioni soggiacenti a questa azione, visto che abbiamo a nostra disposizione la nostra lingua madre e un’ampia selezione di lingue naturali tra le quali scegliere. Ciononostante, è possibile far ricorso anche alle “lingue inventate”, ovvero a lingue costruite a tavolino, attraverso l’opera di una o più persone che ne stabiliscono i diversi parametri linguistici senza passare attraverso il costante processo di rinegoziazione e mutamento svolto dalla comunità di parlanti che, nel corso dei secoli, fa uso di una data lingua. Una lingua inventata è un sistema linguistico completo, al momento dell’invenzione privo di una comunità di parlanti, cioè senza vitalità né vigore. La comunità di parlanti si creerà col tempo, arricchendosi di nuove sfumature. Ciò nonostante, una lingua inventata è un sistema linguistico fatto e finito, completo per quanto riguarda i diversi livelli di invenzione, la fonologia e la fonetica, la morfologia, la sintassi e il lessico. Se invece il livello di invenzione tocca soltanto l’aspetto lessicale allora non si parla di lingua inventata ma di “gergo”. L’opera del glottoteta (che può lavorare sia da solo sia in gruppo) assegna al sistema linguistico non soltanto un lessico (se ci si fermasse soltanto al lessico avremmo difatti un “gergo” e non una lingua inventata): elabora un inventario fonologico, la morfologia e la struttura sintattica. Tale forma non è riconducibile a un singolo sistema linguistico già esistente, sia esso inventato o meno. In pratica, una lingua inventata è una lingua che non si è affermat
Latinization of the North-Western Provinces: Sociolinguistics, Epigraphy and Bilingualism. A Preliminary Study on The Area Of Nijmegen
Full text linkThe ERC research project LatinNow (Latinisation of the north-western provinces), is intended to be a broad-based investigation of linguistic change in the north-western Empire (namely Britain, Gaul, Germanies, Noricum, Raetia and Iberia). Drawing upon sociolinguistics, bilingualism studies, digital epigraphy, and archaeology, specifically the analysis of writing materials, the area of Nijmegen has been used as a starting point, showing the different phonological features available and how they are distributed on the different writing materials, in terms of studying changes in the Germanies
Linguistica e tradizione classica come fonti per la glottopoiesi di Tolkien
No full textTolkien was not only a successful author of one of the most complex fantasy lore available in Western literature, but he was also a gifted philologist whose interests ranged from the most disparaged languages, such as Germanic languages, Finnish, Celtic languages and also Latin and Greek. For the creation of his glottopoietic masterpieces – Quenya and Sindarin – he followed an a posteriori process, moving from the templates represented by natural languages, such as Finnish, Germanic languages, Welsh and also Classical languages. Focussing on Quenya, in particular, it is noticeable how this invented language possesses a few relevant features that makes it similar to Latin not only according to the narrowest linguistic perspective but also according to a broader perspective, including the sociolinguistic viewpoint. Some of these features have been summarized and presented in this paper, showing how Tolkien not only reproduced – according to his phonoaesthetic taste – linguistic feature that were closer to Latin than to any other language, but he also reproduced and mimicked the relationships that Latin had with other languages during different periods of its existence.
A multidisciplinary analysis of non-literary Latin texts from Roman Britain
Full text linkThe present paper is focussed on the major corpora of non-literary documents written on tablets in Roman Britain. This encompasses the stylus tablets from Londinium-Bloomberg, the ink-written tablets from Carlisle and Vindolanda, and the curse tablets incised on lead. The main purpose of this analysis is to show from a quantitative perspective how these different corpora diverge from each other not only in respect of the writing material but also according to the presence or absence of specific linguistic features: gemination, degemination, vowel syncope, and presence or absence of initial h
Rilevando le varianti ortografiche di nelle tavolette di Vindolanda: approcci sociolinguistici attraverso un’interfaccia grafematica
Full text linkA writing system evolves by integrating linguistic and extra-linguistic functions such as structural efficiency and sociocultural function, reflecting a range of possible orthographic reconfigurations that are also likely to have been indicative of phonetic change. The analysis of some elements from the Corpus Vindolandense and compared with other non-literary documents of various provenance reveals the alternation and contamination of some graphic variants, suggesting complex linguistic and graphematic connections. In this context, the presence of forms such as braciiarIo from Tab.Vindol. 646 highlights interpretative challenges.Un sistema di scrittura evolve integrando funzioni linguistiche ed extra linguistiche come l’efficienza strutturale e la funzione socioculturale, riflettendo una serie di possibili riconfigurazioni ortografiche che si sono fatte probabilmente anche indizio di un mutamento fonetico. L’analisi di alcuni elementi provenienti dal Corpus Vindolandense e comparati con altri documenti non-letterari di varia provenienza rivela l’alternanza e la contaminazione di alcune varianti grafiche, suggerendo connessioni linguistiche e grafematiche complesse. In questo ambito, la presenza di forme come braciiarIo della Tab.Vindol. 646 evidenzia sfide interpretative
Grammarian’s teaching vs. Actual use: the use of conjunctions in the Vindolanda writing tablets
No full textThis article aims to sketch the grammatical scholarship on the copulative conjunction et in the Vindolanda tablets, comparing the few apparently non-Classical uses with the alleged testimony of the only coeval Latin grammarian who extensively dealt with the matter, i.e. Remmius Palaemon. It is possible to trace two important elements back to the sources quoting Palaemon’s contribution to grammatical scholarship: the concept of ordo applied to the use of conjunction and the use of verses from Virgil’s most famous masterpiece. With reference to the use of the conjunction et, it is possible to compare whether its use within the Vindolanda tablets is coherent with the prescription of use allegedly recommended by Palaemon (although through the words of Charisius and Diomedes)
Grammarian’s teaching vs. Actual use: the use of conjunctions in the Vindolanda writing tablets
No full textThis article aims to sketch the grammatical scholarship on the copulative conjunction et in the Vindolanda tablets, comparing the few apparently non-Classical uses with the alleged testimony of the only coeval Latin grammarian who extensively dealt with the matter, i.e. Remmius Palaemon. It is possible to trace two important elements back to the sources quoting Palaemon’s contribution to grammatical scholarship: the concept of ordo applied to the use of conjunction and the use of verses from Virgil’s most famous masterpiece. With reference to the use of the conjunction et, it is possible to compare whether its use within the Vindolanda tablets is coherent with the prescription of use allegedly recommended by Palaemon (although through the words of Charisius and Diomedes)
Liber de verbo e codice Parisiensi 7491: In search of syntactical metalinguistic terminology
No full textThe Liber de verbo is a treatise known for its author’s varied use of sources, resulting in a diverse mix of late antique and medieval texts with limited direct impact on syntactical language. While Conduché (2018) identifies many authors referenced, their relevance to syntax varies. This work’s metatheoretical foundation reflects the transition from late Latinity to the Carolingian Renaissance, refining grammatical concepts like the definitions of the verb. Despite its
complexity, the Liber de verbo is crucial for studying metalinguistic terminology, adapting or creating terms to describe linguistic features. Analysis of keywords like nuntiatio, servire, regere, andrevelativus illuminates the emergence and evolution of metalinguistic concepts, especially within medieval Latin grammar, highlighting the dynamic nature of grammatical discourse significantly enriched by the Liber de verb
I longa in iato nel Corpus Vindolandense
Full text linkThe Corpus Vindolandense includes the oldest extant Latin handwritten documents in Britain written between the 1st and 3rd century CE. Tne of the most interesting phenomenon concerns the so-called I longa. Actually, this graphic feature may mark the vowel, but also the palatal glide in hiatus. Our analysis concerns this latter case, i.e. the spelling phenomenon where [i] in hiatus context loses its status of syllabic nucleus, becoming a glide. In the Corpus Vindolandense, I longa in hiatus occurs in 139 cases showing that we are dealing with a process of resyllabification. We assume that the gliding of in hiatus occurred in Latin as spoken in Vindolanda. The process can be described as an instance of the sociolinguistic variation since its frequency reflects diaphasic and diastratic dynamic
Expressing pain from the Antiquities to the Middle Ages: Heu as a part of speech
No full textThe interjection was recognised as a part of speech by the Latin grammarians, replacing the lack of the article class in the Greek system and maintaining the eight parts of speech. However, it is noteworthy that the definition of interjection among the different scholars and grammarians is not stable and wavers between the need to identify its role as a part of speech – whether it was an adverb or not – and its pragmatic function, identifying to what extent it was connected to emotions. The scholarly discussion over the interjection entangled and disentangled itself during the centuries, and its theoretical status has been verified in the present paper, which shows how the classical and non-classical evidence reconnects this part of speech to its most rhetorical function. This paper delves into this debate, focusing on the interjection heu and providing a history of the interjection, covering the classical period and the Middle Ages, according to the linguistic perspective and highlighting how Latin grammarians considered it in their linguistic framework
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