1,721,070 research outputs found
Luminescence Rock Surface Dating of Pleistocene gravelly beaches and marine terraces
No full textThe reconstruction of the Quaternary to present-day coastal evolution according to very high frequency “natural” fluctuations (ca. 103-104 ka) and increasingly human impacts represents the tool to forecast the possible scenarios of environmental changes. Particular interest is focused on Last Interglacial (LIG) or Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5e (124-119 ka) a period of warmer conditions than the present, without a human fingerprint and with a higher sea-level up to 9 metres above the modern. Several MIS 5e paleo-shorelines are well preserved along the coasts of the Mediterranean basin and studied that to unravel potential patterns of future sea-level rise caused by global warming. Nevertheless, perform an accurate geochronological framework on the most precise sea level marker such as Marine terraces are quite often extremely difficult and traditional dating methods such as radiocarbon and U/Th frequently are unenforceable. Luminescence methods is giving interesting results in dating Late Pleistocene sequence filling marine terraces worldwide, but it is suitable only for silty to sandy grained deposits.
Recently the new Rock Surface Dating (RSD) method has been developed, that use luminescence principles to date rock surfaces. It is based on the ability of light to penetrate in rocks and to bleach luminescence signal in depth and afterwards the signal can be rebuilt during burial. The analysis of residual luminescence signal with depth allows to obtain burial or exposure ages. This method demonstrated to give reliable ages when used in Holocene cobbles or surfaces and recently has been tentatively performed on Pleistocene deposits. Aim of this work is to test the reliability of RSD on three well known Late Pleistocene gravelly deposits filling the marine terrace of: Cala Mosca, and Cala Viola Porto Palmas (Sardinia, Italy). A total of 17 partially buried cobbles were collected, made up of different lithologies (siliciclastic sandstone; bioclastic-rich sandstone, slate, quartz vein). Performed RSD on the samples had different outcomes: only two out of seventeen samples coming from the Cala Mosca and Cala Viola sites gave RSD reliable ages of 131 ± 8 ka and 126 ± 9 ka, referring the gravelly deposits to the LIG and confirming the published independent ages; several samples resulted affected by a negligible or partial resetting of the signal prior to the burial event and thus were considered unsuitable for RSD dating; others show inadequate luminescence characteristics (dim signal).
Results from this work points out that RSD is a promising dating method for Late Pleistocene gravelly coastal sequences but also confirm how mineralogical composition and depositional context can affect the suitability of surface for RSD
The Late Quaternary composite marine terrace of Cala Mosca site, SW Sardinia (Italy): global sea-level change VS Tectonic activity
No full textColorectal cancer screening: The role of psychological, social and background factors in decision-making process
Full text linkSince ColoRectal Cancer (CRC) remains the third cause of cancer death in the world, a better understanding of the reasons underlying poor adherence to and delay in undergoing CRC screening programs is important. CRC screening decision-making process can be conceptualized as the relationship between intention and behavior and needs to be investigated including the impact on patients’ decision of a broad range of psychological factors and personal predisposition as fear of a positive screening test, poor understanding of the procedure, psychological distress, anxiety, anticipation of pain, feelings of embarrassment and vulnerability. Also socioeconomic, ethnic and sociological influences, and organizational barriers have been identified as factors influencing CRC screening adherence. Decision-making process can finally be influenced by the healthcare background in which the intervention is promoted and screening programs are carried out. However, there is still a gap on the scientific knowledge about the influences of diverse elements on screening adherence and this deserves further investigations in order to carry out more focused and effective prevention programs
Stress, Dysregulation of Rhythms, and Bipolar Disorder: A Challenging Field of Research
Full text linkClarifying the mechanisms by which circadian rhythms regulate biology is a central issue in directing life choices in the immediate future and presents an interesting challenge for current scientific research [...
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Systematic review of involuntary hospitalisation and long-term compliance
Full text linkIntroduction
Involuntary hospitalisation denies autonomy and freedom of decision-making and is frequent in psychiatric clinical practice. However, there is still a lack of knowledge of long-term compliance after Involuntary commitment.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of published studies reporting people compliance after involuntary hospitalisation and people compliance after voluntary admission. Two investigators independently searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL up to December 17th, 2021 to identify eligible studies. The study is registered with PROSPERO number CRD42022299437.
Results
Ten independent studies analysing the main indicators of compliance, engagement with services and medication adherence, were included. Three studies show that compliance is worse in people that have been involuntary hospitalised and in the others no association is found. Just two of the ten studies show an association with improved compliance. Outcomes are assessed from the first follow-up appointment after discharge up to 96 months.
Conclusions
Although evidences carried out so far are weak, the data do not show a trend of improvements and do not seem to exclude the possibility of worse compliance after compulsory hospitalisation. More appropriate methodologies and reliable assessment are needed in future research to provide scientific evidence on involuntary admission health effects
Migrant Women-experiences from the Mediterranean Region
Full text linkIntroduction: The phenomenon of migration is characterized and influenced by a number of different variables; and the different stages of journey are related to different levels and types of psychological distress. Women, in particular, are exposed to further specific risks during migration.Aim: To determine the factors that affect the psychological health of migrant women during the different stages of the migration journey.Methods: We provide a narrative review of the literature around the experiences of women during migration process, with a geographical focus on women migrating to the Mediterranean area.Results: Little data is currently available on the burden of mental health disorders for female migrants. Most studies about the mental health status of migrants were not gender-disaggregated or focused specifically on migrant women's experiences of violence. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) was found to be a common risk factor faced by all the women who leave their native country to migrate to other countries.Conclusion: Despite the importance of the issue and the gender-specific variables related to the experience of migrant women, few studies have looked specifically at psychological variables and mental health status in the female migrant population. It is crucial that future studies are conducted around female migration, violence towards women, and women's mental health, in order to provide an evidence-base for promoting adequate policies and prevention/treatment programs for women
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