104,779 research outputs found
La grotte Cosquer datée
No full textClottes Jean, Courtin Jean, Valladas Hélène, Cachier H., Mercier N., Arnold M. La grotte Cosquer datée. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 89, n°8, 1992. pp. 230-234
La Grotte Cosquer (Cap Morgiou, Marseille)
No full textABSTRACT In 1991 a huge chamber with numerous paintings and engravings was discovered by a professional deep-sea diver after a long (175 m) passage that sloped up from a narrow (1.30 m high) entrance situated 37 m under present sea-level. The art was preserved because the chamber happened to be high up enough not to have been flooded, but large numbers of paintings and engravings were most probably destroyed in the passage and in the lower part of the chamber. Many other caves along that coast disappeared under the sea after the end of the Pleistocene with the rise of the water, but it is the first time ever that rock art was discovered under such circumstances. The first question to address was that of the art's authenticity. On-the-spot observations and various analyses (pollen, charcoal, 14C dating) leave no room for any doubt. A 18,440 bp date ( ± 440, Ly- 5558) was obtained from charcoal lying on the ground. The 17 samples of charcoal determined belonged to Pinus silvestris and Pinus nigra, whereas the Pine of Alep, the only species now represented in the area, was absent. Two preliminary pollen analyses pointed to a Wiirm landscape, with very few trees, among which Betula. At least half the paintings are covered with patches of bright white calcite, of a type which, according to geologists, takes a very long time in depositing. Most of the engravings are distinctly weathered and patina- ted. However, the art's authenticity was challenged by a few, from the photographs published in the newspapers. Their arguments are discussed in this study. So far, 44 animals (21 engraved, 23 painted) and 26 negative hands, most of them with incomplete fingers, have been found. Horses are dominant (14), followed by bisons and ibex in equal numbers (7), then by chamois (5); there also are 1 red deer, 1 feline, 3 penguins, 2 seals and 2 possible megaceros, as well as 2 indeterminate quadrupeds. Many signs, among which long barbed lines superimposed on various animals, were observed. In addition, the walls of the chamber are covered with innumerable fine engravings and finger tracings that have not so far been studied. The present count of animals, hands and signs is therefore highly provisional. The superimpositions point to two possible periods, the earlier with the negative hands and the finger tracings, the later with the painted and engraved animals and the fine engravings. From the conventions used, the second period is probably contemporary with Ebbou (Ardèche), or the Late Solutrean of Parpalló (Spain), maybe a bit later as some details have their counterpart in Lascaux. This art should be situated within a period estimated between 17,000 and 20,000 bp. Even though the cave art cannot yet be studied as it should and it will be years before it is, the importance of this discovery is obvious: it is located in the Provence where no Paleolithic rock art had ever been found before; the art exhibits various characteristics that may bear witness to outside influences or may be original and have spread from there (Lascaux; Ebbou and other "mediterranean" caves; Gargas for the hands); finally, as is often the case with major art caves, it shows some distinct original features (for example, the sea animals, some signs, etc.).Clottes Jean, Beltrán A., Courtin Jean, Cosquer Henri. La Grotte Cosquer (Cap Morgiou, Marseille). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 89, n°4, 1992. pp. 98-128
La grotte H. Cosquer : une découverte extraordinaire dans la calanque de Sormiou (Provence)
No full textNicod Jean. La grotte H. Cosquer : une découverte extraordinaire dans la calanque de Sormiou (Provence). In: Karstologia : revue de karstologie et de spéléologie physique, n°19, 1er semestre 1992. p. 61
La grotte H. Cosquer : une découverte extraordinaire dans la calanque de Sormiou (Provence)
No full textNicod Jean. La grotte H. Cosquer : une découverte extraordinaire dans la calanque de Sormiou (Provence). In: Karstologia : revue de karstologie et de spéléologie physique, n°19, 1er semestre 1992. p. 61
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
Fully Turbulent Mean Velocity Profile for Purely Viscous non-Newtonian Fluids
No full textThe characteristic near wall behavior of turbulent flow of purely-viscous non-Newtonian fluids is discussed for both power-law (P.-L.) and Herschel-Bulkley (H.-B.) rheological models. A proper scaling is presented for H.-B. fluids to establish an analogy with power-law fluids with same flow index. To provide reference data for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, DNS simulations of power-law fluids are conducted in a rectangular channel for a large range of power-law indices ( = 0.5, 0.69, 0.75, 0.9, 1, 1.2). The DNS data show that the mean velocity profile in the viscous and logarithmic layers follow expressions of the form and respectively, where shows a logarithmic dependency on the flow index.Comparison with some experimental data shows the above formulation to be valid for Reynolds numbers (based on shear velocity) as high as 1000
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