1,721,000 research outputs found
Curbing methane emissions from Italian cattle farms. An agroeconomic modelling simulation of alternative policy tools
No full textMethane (CH4) emissions from cattle farms have been prioritised on the EU agenda, as shown by recent legislative
initiatives. This study employs a supply-side agroeconomic model that mimics the behaviour of heterogeneous
individual farms to simulate the application of alternative economic policy instruments to curb CH4
emissions from Italian cattle farms, as identified by the 2020 Farm Accountancy Data Network survey. Simulations
consider increasing levels of a tax on each tonne of CH4 emitted or of a subsidy paid for each tonne of CH4
curbed with respect to the baseline. Individual marginal abatement costs are also derived. Besides, to consider
possible technological options to curb emissions, a mitigation strategy is simulated, with different levels of costs
and benefits to appraise the potential impacts on the sector.
Relevant reductions in operating income are foreseen, the most substantial in farm types and size classes
characterised by lower levels of carbon productivity. The introduction of the mitigation strategy shows that the
outcome in terms of mitigation potential, without undermining production level, highly depends on the
implementation costs, but can also vary widely due to heterogeneous farms’ economic performances. Policy
implications are also derived
Income Impacts of Climate Change: Irrigated Farming in the Mediterranean and Expected Changes in Probability of Favorable and Adverse Weather Conditions
No full textEU rural development policy (RDP) regulation 1305/2013 aims to protect farmers’ incomes from ongoing change of climate variability (CCV), and the increase in frequency of adverse climatic events. An income stabilization tool (IST) is provided to compensate drastic drops in income, including those caused by climatic events. The present study examines some aspect of its application focussing on Mediterranean irrigation area where frequent water shortages may generate significant income reductions in the current climate conditions, and may be further exacerbated by climate change. This enhanced loss of income in the future would occur due to a change in climate variability. This change would appreciably reduce the probability of weather conditions that are favourable for irrigation, but would not significantly increase either the probability of unfavourable weather conditions or the magnitude of their impact. As the IST and other insurance tools that protect against adversity and catastrophic events are only activated under extreme conditions, farmers may not consider them to be suitable in dealing with the new climate regime. This would leave a portion of the financial resources allocated by the RDP unused, resulting in less support for climate change adaptation.Mit der Verordnung 1305/2013 zielt die EU-Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums (RDP ) darauf ab, die Einkommen der Landwirte vor den Auswirkungen von Änderungen in der Klimavariabilität (CCV) und häufiger werdenden widrigen Witterungsbedingungen zu schützen. Das Instrument der Einkommensstabilisierung (IST) ist vorgesehen, um drastische Rückgänge der Einkommen auszugleichen, die unter anderem durch Klimaereignisse verursacht werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht einige Aspekte der Anwendung dieses Instruments. Das Augenmerk ist auf den mediterranen Bereich gerichtet, wo häufiger Wassermangel unter aktuellen Bedingungen, der durch den Klimawandel noch verschärft werden kann, zu erheblichen Einkommenseinbußen führen kann. Stärkere Klimavariabilität dürfte größere Einkommenseinbußen auslösen. Eine deutliche Verringerung der Wahrscheinlichkeit von günstigen Witterungsbedingungen für die Bewässerung ist abzusehen. Eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit von ungünstigeren Bedingungen für die Bewässerung und deren Folgen sind jedoch nicht zu erwarten. IST und Versicherungsinstrumente, die gegen Schäden und Katastrophen schützen sollen, werden nur unter extremen Bedingungen zum Einsatz kommen. Sie dürften daher von Landwirten als ungeeignet eingestuft werden, um die Folgen der Klimaänderung zu bewältigen. Ein Teil RDP-Mittel könnte somit ungenutzt bleiben. Dies könnte eine geringere Unterstützung zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel zur Folge haben
Evoluzione del clima e incertezza delle scelte sui sistemi colturali in un comprensorio irriguo del Nord Sardegna
Full text linkL’analisi quantitativa dell’impatto dei cambiamenti climatici (CC) sui sistemi colturali implica
l’impiego di modelli di simulazione adeguatamente calibrati. Il modello EPIC (Environmental Policy
Integrated Climate) (Williams, 1995) è stato ampiamente validato per simulare le risposte delle colture
e dei relativi fabbisogni idrici ai CC (Adejuwon, 2005, Tourè et al., 1994). In questo lavoro, i risultati
delle simulazioni effettuate con EPIC sono stati utilizzati come input per il modello di analisi
economica per valutare l’impatto del CC sulle scelte dei sistemi coltutali in un comprensorio irriguo
della Sardegna del nord
Economic assessment of the impact of uncertainty associated with short-run change in climate variability in Mediterranean farming systems
No full textEconomic assessment of the impact of uncertainty associated with short-run change in climate variability in Mediterranean farming systems
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Common Agricultural Policy and climate variability changes: an impact assessment of the first-pillar reform on an agricultural area of Grana Padano in different climate scenarios
Full text linkThe reform of the Common Agricultural Policy it started in 2015 with several innovative aspects. Regarding the first pillar, such aspects are especially the convergence of the basic payments, the green payments and the coupled payments. In this regard seems interesting carry out analysis about to evaluate the policy impact considering the risks and opportunities due to climate change.In this study the impact of the convergence of basic payments, the introduction of the green payments and the coupled payments has been evaluated on dairy cattle farms in the Grana Padano area. The impact has been evaluated in different climate scenarios by economic, social and environmental indicators. The methodology used is the mathematical programming and especially a model of Discrete Stochastic Programming has been used to represents farms of the FADN database.The main results show that a significant part of the farms is affected by the diversification constraint that reduces the land devoted to corn silage. Farmers could cultivate corn silage after a principal crop (e.g. ryegrass) in order to avoid the diversification constraint, however, determining a negative impact on the use of environmental resources. To consider also that in the future there is an increase of corn silage yields with long cycle.Another result to underline is that which concerns the possibility of soybean cultivation in the ecological focus areas. In fact, considering the coupled payment provided for this crop, the ecological focus areas seem to be an important source of income for the farms.Finally, the analysis shows that the convergence of the basic payment will result in a reallocation of direct payments between farms with a significant impact on farm incomes
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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