9 research outputs found
Economic Growth and the Environment
No full textWill the world be able to sustain economic growth indefinitely without running into resource constraints or despoiling the environment beyond repair? What is the relationship between steadily increasing incomes and environmental quality? This paper builds on the author's earlier work (1993), in which he argued that the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality – whether inverse or direct -- is not fixed along a country's development path. Indeed, he hypothesized, it may change as a country reaches a level of income at which people can demand and afford a more efficient infrastructure and a cleaner environment. This implied inverted-U relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth came to be known as the "Environmental Kuznets Curve," by analogy with the income-inequality relationship postulated by Kuznets (1965, 1966). The objective of this paper is to critically review, synthesize and interpret the literature on the relationship between economic growth and environment. This literature has followed two distinct but related strands of research: an empirical strand of ad hoc specifications and estimations of a reduced form equation, relating an environmental impact indicator to income per capita; and a theoretical strand of macroeconomic models of interaction between environmental degradation and economic growth, including optimal growth, endogenous growth and overlapping generations models. The author concludes that the macroeconomic models generally support the empirical findings of the Environmental Kuznets Curve literature. He suggests further empirical investigation related to the assumption of additive separability, as well as development of additional macroeconomic models that allow for a more realistic role for government.Economic Growth, Environment, Kuznets Curve
Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A–E hepatitis
No full textFunding Information: We wish to acknowledge the contribution of the participating children and their parents who agreed to participate in the ISARIC CCP-UK and DIAMONDS studies, and the research teams who recruited the patients; S. Bennett-Slater from NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde for assisting with sample location and testing; the histopathology team, Veterinary Diagnostic, University of Glasgow, for excellent technical assistance; P. Murcia for providing resources and advice; P. Olmo for administrative assistance; and E. J. Kremer from the Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier and A. Baker, University of Edinburgh, for advice. The work was funded by Public Health Scotland, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01) and the Medical Research Council (MRC; grants MR/X010252/1, MC_UU_1201412, MC_UU_12018/12, MC_PC_19059, MC_PC_19025 and MC_PC_22004). DIAMONDS is funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 programme; grant 848196). M.P. acknowledges funding support from the Wellcome Trust (206369/Z/17/Z). M.G.S. acknowledges funding support from The Pandemic Institute, Liverpool and the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool, and UK Health Security Agency. J.K.B. acknowledges funding support from a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (223164/Z/21/Z), and MC_PC_20029, Sepsis Research (Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust), a BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Grant to the Roslin Institute (BB/P013732/1, BB/P013759/1), and the Intensive Care Society of the United Kingdom. We acknowledge the support of Baillie Gifford and the Baillie Gifford Science Pandemic Hub at the University of Edinburgh. Parts of this research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under project 788 and we would like to acknowledge the assistance of A. Tenesa in making this possible. Additional replication was also conducted using the UK Biobank Resource (Project 26041). This research was also funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (CO-CIN-01) and jointly by NIHR and UK Research and Innovation (CV220-169, MC_PC_19059). The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of UKRI, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. We also acknowledge the support of NHS Research Scotland (NRS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde Biorepository team. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Funding Information: We wish to acknowledge the contribution of the participating children and their parents who agreed to participate in the ISARIC CCP-UK and DIAMONDS studies, and the research teams who recruited the patients; S. Bennett-Slater from NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde for assisting with sample location and testing; the histopathology team, Veterinary Diagnostic, University of Glasgow, for excellent technical assistance; P. Murcia for providing resources and advice; P. Olmo for administrative assistance; and E. J. Kremer from the Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier and A. Baker, University of Edinburgh, for advice. The work was funded by Public Health Scotland, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01) and the Medical Research Council (MRC; grants MR/X010252/1, MC_UU_1201412, MC_UU_12018/12, MC_PC_19059, MC_PC_19025 and MC_PC_22004). DIAMONDS is funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 programme; grant 848196). M.P. acknowledges funding support from the Wellcome Trust (206369/Z/17/Z). M.G.S. acknowledges funding support from The Pandemic Institute, Liverpool and the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool, and UK Health Security Agency. J.K.B. acknowledges funding support from a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (223164/Z/21/Z), and MC_PC_20029, Sepsis Research (Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust), a BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Grant to the Roslin Institute (BB/P013732/1, BB/P013759/1), and the Intensive Care Society of the United Kingdom. We acknowledge the support of Baillie Gifford and the Baillie Gifford Science Pandemic Hub at the University of Edinburgh. Parts of this research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under project 788 and we would like to acknowledge the assistance of A. Tenesa in making this possible. Additional replication was also conducted using the UK Biobank Resource (Project 26041). This research was also funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (CO-CIN-01) and jointly by NIHR and UK Research and Innovation (CV220-169, MC_PC_19059). The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of UKRI, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. We also acknowledge the support of NHS Research Scotland (NRS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde Biorepository team. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.An outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children was reported in Scotland 1 in April 2022 and has now been identified in 35 countries2. Several recent studies have suggested an association with human adenovirus with this outbreak, a virus not commonly associated with hepatitis. Here we report a detailed case–control investigation and find an association between adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility. Using next-generation sequencing, PCR with reverse transcription, serology and in situ hybridization, we detected recent infection with AAV2 in plasma and liver samples in 26 out of 32 (81%) cases of hepatitis compared with 5 out of 74 (7%) of samples from unaffected individuals. Furthermore, AAV2 was detected within ballooned hepatocytes alongside a prominent T cell infiltrate in liver biopsy samples. In keeping with a CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune pathology, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele was identified in 25 out of 27 cases (93%) compared with a background frequency of 10 out of 64 (16%; P = 5.49 × 10−12). In summary, we report an outbreak of acute paediatric hepatitis associated with AAV2 infection (most likely acquired as a co-infection with human adenovirus that is usually required as a ‘helper virus’ to support AAV2 replication) and disease susceptibility related to HLA class II status.Peer reviewe
River Freshwater Contribution in Operational Ocean Models along the European Atlantic Façade: Impact of a New River Discharge Forcing Data on the CMEMS IBI Regional Model Solution
No full text35 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables.-- Data Availability Statement: The following publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study: Model data: The CMEMS IBI MFC operational forecast product can be found in the CMEMS catalogue (IBI-MFC forecast analysis product: https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=IBI_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_005_001 (accessed on 8 April 2021)); LAMBDA river data can be found in: http://www.cmems-lambda.eu/#data-portal (accessed on 8 April 2021); data from the different ocean model scenarios analyzed in the study can be available on request from the corresponding author. Observational data: The data from in-situ buoys, Argo floats and Recopesca can be found in the CMEMS catalogue (Insitu-TAC Near-Real-Time observational product: https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=INSITU_IBI_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_013_033 (accessed on 8 April 2021)). The salinity data from SMOS (the low-resolution level 3 SSS product computed with smoothening spatial window of 50-km radius) can be found in the BEC public ftp catalogue: http://bec.icm.csic.es/bec-ftp-service/ (accessed on 8 April 2021); Finally, the INTECMAR and IPMA observational salinity datasets used in this study are 3rd Party Data, and restrictions are applied to their availability (contact with the institutions owner of these datasets would be required for access permission)River freshwater contribution in the European Atlantic margin and its influence on the sea salinity field are analyzed. The impacts of using a new river discharge database as part of the freshwater forcing in a regional ocean model are assessed. Ocean model scenarios, based on the CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service) operational IBI-MFC (Iberia Biscay Ireland Monitoring Forecasting Centre) model set-up, are run to test different (observed, modeled and climatological) river and coastal freshwater forcing configurations throughout 2018. The modelled salinity fields are validated, using as a reference all known available in-situ observational data sources. The IBI model application is proven to adequately simulate the regional salinity, and the scenarios showcase the effects of varying imposed river outflows. Some model improvement is achieved using the new forcing (i.e., better capture of salinity variability and more realistic simulation of baroclinic frontal structures linked to coastal and river freshwater buoyancy plumes). Major impacts are identified in areas with bigger river discharges (i.e., the French shelf or the northwestern Iberian coast). Instead, the Portuguese shelf or the Gulf of Cadiz are less impacted by changes in the imposed river inflows, and other dynamical factors in these areas play a major role in the configuration of the regional salinityPart of this research work was conducted in the framework of the following 2 projects: The EU Interreg Atlantic Area MyCoast Project EAPA_285/2016 (F.C., A.M. and M.G.S.) and the CMEMS Service Evolution Project LAMBDA (F.C., F.S., E.O. and A.N.). It was also supported by activity from the CMEMS IBI-MFC (K.G., P.L. and A.A.B.)With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)Peer reviewe
Correction to: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? (Clinical and Translational Allergy, (2020), 10, 1, (16), 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the affiliation list. The affiliation of author G. Walter Canonica should have been split up into two affiliations: • Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy – Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy The corrected affiliation list is reflected in this Correction. © 2020, The Author(s)
Correction to: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? (Clinical and Translational Allergy, (2020), 10, 1, (16), 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the affiliation list. The affiliation of author G. Walter Canonica should have been split up into two affiliations: • Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy – Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy The corrected affiliation list is reflected in this Correction. © 2020, The Author(s)
Development culture in small energy-rich Islamic countries; A case study of Brunei Darussalam
No full textThe starting point for this study is the sense that the Brunei economy, whilst not stagnating, has been performing less well than other economies in the region and beyond. Of course, there is a need to compare like with like, and in this regard Brunei should be compared with other states possessing the same characteristics, ie, small, oil-dependent, Islamic, monarchies; and such a comparison suggests that Brunei is no Dubai. Accordingly, the study hypothesizes that Brunei is suffering from a resource ‘curse’; that the possession of oil and gas resources and ‘easy’ money have repressed the people’s work ethic and blunted the drive towards innovational and creative endeavour. The study focus is on Brunei, but a comparative evaluation is undertaken of three small, energy-rich, Islamic Gulf states: Bahrain, Oman and Qatar. By using proxies of economic performance, the research attempts to uncover the existence, or otherwise, of a development culture. Findings indicate that all four of the oil- dependent states suffer, to a greater or lesser extent, from a resource curse. However, the Gulf States have proved more successful than Brunei in diversifying their economies and overcoming the cultural slothfulness associated with a dependence on energy resources. This study identifies the benefits from the Gulf States’ experience of fusing capitalism with Islam, and, thus a principal finding of the study is that Brunei should emulate some of the major features of this development model. Explicitly, Brunei should pursue the growth opportunities of capitalism, but without sacrificing its own unique cultural identity
Experimental and theoretical investigation on road pavements and materials through ground-penetrating radar
No full textGround-penetrating radar (GPR) is being increasingly used over the last years in a wide range of applications, due to its flexibility and high potential to provide characterization and imaging of structures and materials. Overall, several reasons are contributing to increase the demand for the use of this tool and non-destructive testing techniques (NDTs) in general. Amongst all, it is worth citing technological advances of both hardware and software elements, an intrinsic lower significance of measurements provided by traditional monitoring techniques along with their greater invasiveness in measuring processes and, last but not least, the impacts of Global Economic Crisis on the use of economic resources affecting for years countries worldwide. The combination of such factors has led the interest of several skill profiles spanning from researchers, practitioners and end-users in general, and focused the attention of governments and local authorities on the high capabilities to gather a large amount of information in a relatively short time of surveying.
In the field of pavement engineering, GPR has been used since the early 1980s mostly focusing on the geometrical characterization of road structure, by evaluating layer thicknesses. Minor care has been given to the analysis of the main causes of damage and performance properties of pavements, in order to improve management of infrastructural asset through effective and efficient maintenance and rehabilitation actions, as well as to provide best conditions in design of new roads.
In that regard, this thesis is aimed to give a useful contribution also in the perspective of road safety issues by improving current processes of management and maintenance of road asset, along with the design of new roads, and provide effective support for the application and practical use of the tools described. Efforts have been spent in order to detect and quantify those physical and strength characteristics of road materials and subgrade soils that are relevant causes of damage, such that an effective planning of supporting actions for maintenance, rehabilitation and design of new roads may be timely performed.
Three main topics are addressed, namely: i) the evaluation of moisture spatial field in subgrade soils through a self-consistent frequency-based technique and the analysis of radar support scale in small-scale measurements of water content; ii) the potential to detect and quantify clay content in load-bearing layers and subgrade soils through different GPR tools and signal processing techniques, and iii) the possibility to infer strength and deformation characteristics of both bound, unbound pavement structures, and subgrade soils from their electric properties.
The results are encouraging for applications in the field of pavement engineering
Analysis Of Production And Sale Of The Natural Honey Brazil In The Period From 1999 To 2010 [análise Da Produção E Comercialização De Mel Natural No Brasil No Período De 1999 A 2010]
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of natural honey production in Brazil, as well as the Brazilian performance in the international markets and their own consumption behavior of natural honey in the domestic market. For this study, we used descriptive analysis of time series information, data production and export of natural honey understood, respectively, for the periods 1999 to 2010. To analyze the correlation between the series of apparent consumption per capita (variable X) and the international price data (variable Y), we used the statistical analysis of the correlation coefficient of Pearson (CP). Main results revealed that the Brazilian production of natural honey has more than doubled in the last decade, while the Northeast region was the largest contributor to this performance. This increase in the production was mainly directed towards supplying the international market, which currently consumes more than half of Brazilian production. It is true that the change in the international market price has a direct effect on domestic supply, but the Brazilian domestic market has potential for increasing effective consumer who deserves to be better exploited; it implies to pay attention to the supply of quality natural honey, quantity and regularity.18342942Abadio, F.F.D.B., Moura, L.L., Silva, I.G., Propriedades físicas e químicas do mel de Apis mellifera L (2010) Ciência E Tecnologia De Alimentos, 30 (3), pp. 706-712de Almeida, L.M.M.C., Ferrante, V.L.S.B., Paulilo, L.F., Rede de segurança alimentar de forte coesão social, a partir do programa de aquisição de alimentos (PAA) no município de Araraquara-SP (2010) Organizações Rurais E Agroindustriais, 12 (3), pp. 370-385de Araújo, D.R., da Silva, R.H.D., Dos Sousa, J.S., Avaliação da qualidade físico-química do mel comercializado na cidade de Crato, CE (2006) Revista De Biologia E Ciências Da Terr, 6 (1), pp. 51-55(2011) Critério De Classificação Econômica Brasil, , http://www.abep.org, AssociaçãO brasileira de empresas de pesquisa, abep, consulta: 28/02/2011Cano, C.B., Zamboni, C.Q., Alves, H.I., Spiteri, N., Atui, M.B., dos Santos, M.C., Jorge, L.I.F., Rodrigues, R.M.M., (1992) Mel: Fraudes E Condições Sanitárias, , São Paulo: Instituto Adolf LutzCardoso, I.R., (1999) Apicultura Como Estratégia De Sobrevivência De Unidades De Agricultura Familiar, , http://gipaf.cnptia.embrapa.br/itens/publ/sober/trab239.pdf, consulta: 29/11/2010da Carrer, C.C., Firetti, R., Martins, G.C., Carrer, C.R.O., de Ribeiro, M.M.L.O., Zuin, L.F.S., Diagnóstico de mercado junto a consumidores de mel no município de Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo (2010) Informações Econômicas, 40 (5), pp. 5-14Cheung, T.L., Gerber, R.M., Consumo de mel das abelhas: Análise dos comportamentos de comensais do Estado de Santa Catarina (2009) Revista Informações Econômicas, 39 (10), pp. 22-31(2011) CBA, , http://www.brasilapicola.com.br, CONFEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE APICULTURA, CBA, consulta: 03/03Dermatelaere, A.C.F., Oliveira, A.K., Góes, G.B., Lima, G.K.L., A flora apícola no Semi- Árido Brasileiro (2010) Revista Verde, 5 (1), pp. 7-22(2011) FAO Divisem Estadística, , http://faostat.fao.org/site/342/default.aspx, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, FAO 2011. FAOSTAT, consulta: 28/02Gil, A.M., (1999) Métodos E Técnicas De Pesquisa Social, , São Paulo: Editora Atlas, 5a ediçãoGonçalves, L.S., Desenvolvimento e expansão da apicultura no Brasil com abelhas africanizadas (2006) Revista Sebrae Agronegócios, 3, pp. 14-17Gonçalves, L.S., (2000) Perspectivas Da Exploração Da Apicultura Com Abelhas Africanizadas No Contexto Apícola Mundial, , Florianópolis-SC: XIII-Congresso Brasileiro de ApiculturaIBGE-PPM-Pesquisa Pecuária Municipal (2011) IBGE-PPM, , www.ibge.gov.br, INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATISTICA-PESQUISA PECUÁRIA MUNICIPAL, IBGE-PPM, consulta: 26/02/2011)Khan, A.S., de Matos, V.D., Lima, P.V.P.S., Desempenho da apicultura no estado do Ceará: Competitividade, nível tecnológico e fatores condicionantes (2009) Revista De Economia E Sociologia Rural, 47 (3), pp. 651-675Kovacs, E.P., Moraes, W.F.A., Oliviera, B.R.B., Do agreste de Pernambuco para o mundo: O caso da pinga nordestina (2006) I Simpósio Internacional De Administração E Marketing -ESPM, , São PauloLeal, V.M., Silva, M.H., Jesus, N.M., Aspectos físico-químico do mel de abelhas comercializado no município de Salvador-Bahia (2001) Revista Brasileira De Saúde E Produção Animal, 1 (1), pp. 14-18Lengler, L., Lago, A., Coronel, D.A., A organização associativa no setor apícola: Contribuições e potencialidades (2007) Organizações Rurais & Agroindustriais, 9 (2), pp. 151-163Lengler, L., Uma análise do comportamento empreendedor e do processo decisional de presidentes de associações apícolas no rio grande do sul (2008) Revista De Administração, 1 (1), pp. 153-170Magalhães, A.M., de Chaves, R.Q., da Silva, T.N., Viabilidade da introdução do mel na merenda escolar: Oportunidade e desafio para o agronegócio apícola (2009) Revista De Economia E Agronegócios, 7 (1), pp. 55-76Magalhães, A.M., de Chaves, R.Q., Salé, N.A.C., Roese, A., da Silva, T.N., (2007) Mel No Programa De Alimentação Escolar: Oportunidade E Desafio Para O Agronegócio Apícola, , Londrina-PR: UEL.XLV, Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia RuralAgustín, M.E., Ricardo, C.L., Raúl, C.L., Calidad agroalimentaria, mercado y Estado: Uma interpretación neoinstitucional (version eletrônico) (2008) Agroalimentaria, 14 (26), pp. 51-62. , http://www.saber.ula.ve/ciaal/agroalimentaria, consulta: 31/05/2011Martins, R., de Olivette, M.P.A., Nachiluk, K., Sustentabilidade: Novos desafios e oportunidades para a produção paulista de cana-deaçúcar (2011) Revista Informações Econômicas, 41 (2), pp. 23-36Mendonça, S.A., Ramos, S.A.V., Moura, M.G.S., (2006) Apicultura, Uma Alternativa Economicamente Viável Para Pequenos Agricultores Da Região Do Semi-Árido Pernanbucano, , Aracaju-SE: XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Apicultura(2011), MINISTÉRIO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR-SECRETARIA DO COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR, MDIC-SECEXMDIC-SECEX, , www.desenvolvimento.gov.br, ALICEWEB, consulta: 16/02/2011Oliveira, A.R., Gaio, L.E., de João, I.S., Bonacim, C.A.G., Análise da cadeia produtiva da cachaça em Minas Gerais sob a ótica da Economia dos Custos de Transação (version eletrônico) (2008) Custos E @gronegócio On Line, pp. 72-97. , http://www.custoseagronegocioonline.com.br, 4 (setembro-dezembro), consulta: 12/08/2010de Oliveira, F., Costa, S.M.A.L., Tarsitano, M.A.A., Sant'Ana, A.L., Produção de mel na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo: Um estudo de caso do produtor familiar (2004) Revista Informações Econômicas, 34 (2), pp. 15-24Paula, J., (2008) Mel Do Brasil: As Exportações Brasileira De Mel No Período De 2000/2006 E O Papel Do Sebrae, , Brasília: SEBRAEPasin, L.E.V., Tereso, M.J., A. Análise da infraestrutura existente em unidades de produção agrícola para processamento de mel na região do Vale do Paraíba-SP (2008) Ciência E Agrotecnologia, 32 (2), pp. 510-516Perez, L.H., Mel: Câmbio e embargo europeu podem prejudicar exportações em 2006. (version eletrônico) (2006) Análises E Indicadores Do Agronegócio, , http://www.iea.sp.gov.br/out/verTexto.php?codTexto=5209, 01 (junho), consulta: 06/05/2011Perez, L.H., Mel: Exportações fazem produção aumentar de Norte a Sul. São Paulo (version eletrônico) (2005) Revista Informações Econômicas, , www.iea.sp.gov.br/out/verTexto.php?codTexto=2078, consulta: 28/03/2011Perez, L.H., de Resende, J.V., de Freitas, B.B., Exportações brasileiras de mel natural no período 2001-2003 (2004) Revista Informações Econômicas, 34 (6), pp. 28-37Perez, L.H., de Resende, J.V., de Freitas, B.B., Mel: Exportações brasileiras se consolidam e participação nordestina aumenta. 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