1,622 research outputs found
Understanding women's self-promotion detriments: the backlash avoidance model
No full textAlthough self-promotion is necessary for career success, women experience backlash (i.e., social and economic penalties) for this behavior because it violates female gender stereotypes (Rudman, 1998). Moreover, women who fear backlash have difficulty with self-promotion, relative to men (Moss-Racusin & Rudman, 2010). The goal of this dissertation was to test the author’s backlash avoidance model (BAM), with the expectation that women’s beliefs that self-promotion violates female gender stereotypes lead them to fear backlash for this behavior, which in turn undermines their self-promotion abilities. Moreover, it was expected that the relationship between fear of backlash and self-promotion success would be at least partially mediated by self-regulatory focus (Crowe & Higgins, 1997) and perceived entitlement (Babcock & Laschever, 2003). To examine these ideas, Study 1 (N = 300) compared male and female participants’ performance on an essay-writing self-promotion task. As expected, women reported higher levels of fear of backlash and lower levels of self-promotion success than men. Gender differences were also observed for the mediator variables, such that women experienced less promotion focus and entitlement and more prevention focus than men. Additionally, results of structural equation modeling (SEM) supported a modified BAM, whereby gender was found to predict fear of backlash (replacing the perceived gender stereotypicality of self-promotion). As expected, fear of backlash then interrupted women’s self-promotion success, via reduced promotion focus and entitlement, and enhanced prevention focus. Study 2 examined the consequences of this process by testing self-promoting women’s propensity to enact backlash against other female self-promoters. Female participants (N = 115) self-promoted during a videotaped mock job interview before making judgments of other self-promoters. Results were not supportive of predictions that women who self-promoted well would not penalize another self-promoting woman. Moreover, in contrast to extensive previous research (see Rudman & Phelan, 2008, for a summary), there was no evidence of backlash against female self-promoting targets (both among participants who completed the self-promotion task and those in a control condition who simply rated the self-promoting targets). Possible explanations for these null results, as well as implications of the BAM for women’s professional advancement, are discussed.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Corinne Alison Moss-Racusi
Self-promotion vs. backlash prevention: regulatory focus and gender differences in self-advocacy
No full textConsiderable evidence has shown that, relative to men, women are less effective at self-advocacy, despite its importance for closing the gender gap in professional success. Women fear backlash for counterstereotypical behavior (such as self-promotion, which violates prescriptions for female communality), and engage in defensive strategies designed to avoid it (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004). No research has tested the effects of fear of backlash on performance (e.g., self-advocacy). To address this gap, I propose that backlash threat leads to an inhibitory prevention focused self-regulatory style (Crowe & Higgins, 1997) that subsequently interferes with women's self-advocacy ability. In contrast, because self-advocacy behavior does not violate masculine prescriptive stereotypes, I expect that men will not experience fear of backlash; as a result, they will employ a successful promotion focused regulatory style, and demonstrate greater self-advocacy ability. Experiment 1 validated the usage of a lexical decision task to implicitly assess acute regulatory focus. Experiment 2 tested my focal hypotheses by comparing male and female participants on a self or peer-advocacy task. Results did not support the hypothesized gender differences or the predictive utility of the proposed model. However, for self-advocating women, the model performed as expected, such that threat of backlash lead to lowered ability to employ a useful promotion focused regulatory style, resulting in diminished advocacy ability. Implications for future research and women's self-advocacy abilities, as well as limitations of the research, are discussed.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-68)
Vignette Study: Backlash for Children’s Stereotype Violations
No full textThere are some traits/actions that are descriptive traits -- they are thought to describe the typical boy/girl. Other traits are prescriptive -- they are thought to be desirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD be X). Still others are proscriptive -- they are thought the be undesirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD NOT be X). Previous research has found that adults who demonstrated proscriptive traits for their gender are penalized in hiring and mentoring decisions (e.g., Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2012). The present study asks whether young children who display gender prescriptive vs. gender proscriptive traits are also penalized
Vignette Study: Backlash for Children’s Stereotype Violations
No full textThere are some traits/actions that are descriptive traits -- they are thought to describe the typical boy/girl. Other traits are prescriptive -- they are thought to be desirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD be X). Still others are proscriptive -- they are thought the be undesirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD NOT be X). Previous research has found that adults who demonstrated proscriptive traits for their gender are penalized in hiring and mentoring decisions (e.g., Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2012). The present study asks whether young children who display gender prescriptive vs. gender proscriptive traits are also penalized
Vignette Study: Backlash for Children’s Stereotype Violations
No full textThere are some traits/actions that are descriptive traits -- they are thought to describe the typical boy/girl. Other traits are prescriptive -- they are thought to be desirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD be X). Still others are proscriptive -- they are thought the be undesirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD NOT be X). Previous research has found that adults who demonstrated proscriptive traits for their gender are penalized in hiring and mentoring decisions (e.g., Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2012). The present study asks whether young children who display gender prescriptive vs. gender proscriptive traits are also penalized
A comparison of the moss floras of Chile and New Zealand
No full textChile and New Zealand share a common stock of 181 species of mosses in 94 genera and 34 families. This number counts for 23.3% of the Chilean and 34.6% of the New Zealand moss flora. If only species with austral distribution are taken into account, the number is reduced to 113 species in common, which is 14.5% of the Chilean and 21.6% of the New Zealand moss flora. This correlation is interpreted in terms of long distance dispersal resp. the common phytogeographical background of both countries as parts of the palaoaustral floristic region and compared with disjunct moss floras of other continents as well as the presently available molecular data
Replication of Vignette Study: Backlash for Children’s Stereotype Violations
No full textThere are some traits/actions that are descriptive traits -- they are thought to describe the typical boy/girl. Other traits are prescriptive -- they are thought to be desirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD be X). Still others are proscriptive -- they are thought the be undesirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD NOT be X). Previous research has found that adults who demonstrated proscriptive traits for their gender are penalized in hiring and mentoring decisions (e.g., Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2012). The present study asks whether young children who display gender prescriptive vs. gender proscriptive traits are also penalized
Replication of Vignette Study: Backlash for Children’s Stereotype Violations
No full textThere are some traits/actions that are descriptive traits -- they are thought to describe the typical boy/girl. Other traits are prescriptive -- they are thought to be desirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD be X). Still others are proscriptive -- they are thought the be undesirable for the ideal boy/girl (a boy SHOULD NOT be X). Previous research has found that adults who demonstrated proscriptive traits for their gender are penalized in hiring and mentoring decisions (e.g., Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2012). The present study asks whether young children who display gender prescriptive vs. gender proscriptive traits are also penalized
ploewe/MOSS: v1.0
No full textThis is the first release of the MOSS codebase in its transient GitHub repository to ensure long term preservation of the codebase, scientific citation and due credit to the original authors (including Carl N Reed III and Sol Katz)
Food habits of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) in San Francisco Bay, California
No full textby Corinne Michele GibbleThesis (M.S.) -- San Jose State University, 2011. Harbor seals"A thesis presented to the faculty of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.""A thesis presented to the faculty of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.
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