1,721,189 research outputs found
Hartle-Hawking boundary conditions as Nucleation by de Sitter Vacuum
No full textIt is shown that, for a de Sitter Universe, the Hartle–Hawking (HH) wave function can be obtained in a simple way starting from the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) line element of cosmological equations. An oscillator having imaginary time is indeed derived starting from the Hamiltonian obtaining the HH condition. This proposes again some crucial matter on the meaning of complex time in cosmology. In order to overcome such difficulties, we propose an interpretation of the HH framework based on de Sitter Projective Holography
Equivalence Principle and Machian origin of extended gravity
No full textChae's analyses on GAIA observations of wide binary stars have fortified the paradigm of extended gravity with particular attention to MOND-like theories. We recall that, starting from the origin of Einstein's general relativity, the request of Mach on the structure of the theory has been the core of the foundational debate. This issue is strictly connected with the nature of the mass-energy equivalence. This was exactly the key point that Einstein used to derive the same general relativity. On the other hand, the current requirements of particle physics and the open questions within extended gravity theories, which have recently been further strengthened by the analyses of GAIA observations, request a better understanding of the Equivalence Principle. By considering a direct coupling between the Ricci curvature scalar and the matter Lagrangian, a nongeodesic ratio between the inertial and gravitational masses can be fixed and MOND-like theories are retrieved at low energies
A machian request for the equivalence principle in extended gravity and nongeodesic motion
No full textStarting from the origin of Einstein’s general relativity (GR), the request of Mach on the theory’s structure has been the core of the foundational debate. That problem is strictly connected with the nature of the mass-energy equivalence. It is well known that this is exactly the key point that Einstein used to realize a metric theory of gravitation having an unequalled beauty and elegance. On the other hand, the current requirements of particle physics and the open questions within extended gravity theories request a better understanding of the Equivalence Principle (EP). TheMOND theory byMilgrom proposes a modification of Newtonian dynamics, and we consider a direct coupling between the Ricci curvature scalar and the matter Lagrangian showing that a nongeodesic ratio mi/mg can be fixed and that Milgrom’s acceleration is retrieved at low energies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Generalized potential for apparent forces: The Coriolis effect
No full textIt is well known, from Newtonian physics, that apparent forces appear when the motion of masses is described using a non-inertial frame of reference. The generalized potential of such forces is rigorously analyzed, focusing on their mathematical aspects
On the general relativistic framework of the Sagnac effect
No full textThe Sagnac effect is usually considered as being a relativistic effect produced in an interferometer when the device is rotating. General relativistic explanations are known and already widely explained in many papers. Such general relativistic approaches are founded on Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP), which states the equivalence between the gravitational “force” and the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial frame of reference, included a rotating observer. Typically, the authors consider the so-called Langevin-Landau-Lifschitz metric and the path of light is determined by null geodesics. This approach partially hides the physical meaning of the effect. It seems indeed that the light speed varies by c± ωr in one or the other direction around the disk. In this paper, a slightly different general relativistic approach will be used. The different “gravitational field” acting on the beam splitter and on the two rays of light is analyzed. This different approach permits a better understanding of the physical meaning of the Sagnac effect
Quantum oscillations in the black hole horizon
Full text linkBy applying Rosen's quantization approach to the historical Oppenheimer and
Snyder gravitational collapse and by setting the constraints for the formation
of the Schwarzschild black hole (SBH), in a previous paper [1] two of the
Authors (CC and FF) found the gravitational potential, the Schrodinger
equation, the solution for the energy levels, the area quantum and the quantum
representation of the ground state at the Planck scale of the SBH. Such results
are consistent with previous ones in the literature. It was also shown that the
traditional classical singularity in the core of the SBH is replaced by a
quantum oscillator describing a non-singular two-particle system where the two
components, named the "nucleus" and the "electron", strongly interact with each
other through a quantum gravitational interaction. In agreement with the de
Broglie hypothesis, the "electron" is interpreted in terms of the quantum
oscillations of the BH horizon. In other words, the SBH should be the
gravitational analogous of the hydrogen atom. In this paper, it is shown that
these results allow us to compute the SBH entropy as a function of the BH
principal quantum number in terms of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and three
sub-leading corrections. In addition, the coefficient of the formula of
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is reduced to a quarter of the traditional value.
Then, it is shown that, by performing a correct rescaling of the energy levels,
the semi-classical Bohr-like approach to BH quantum physics, previously
developed by one of the Authors (CC), is consistent with the obtained results
for large values of the BH principal quantum number. After this, Hawking
radiation will be analysed by discussing its connection with the BH quantum
structure. Finally, it is shown that the time evolution of the above mentioned
system solves the BH information paradox.Comment: 29 pages.Comments are welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1912.0647
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