1,721,093 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Biodiversité et Interactions biotiques dans les communautés végétales de l'Anthropocène...
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the vegetation of acid grasslands along the French Atlantic domain : Comparative and experimental approach
No full textAfin d’appréhender l’impact des dépôts d’azote atmosphérique sur les écosystèmes,nous nous sommes intéressés à un écosystème d’intérêt patrimonial : les prairies acides duViolion caninae. Au sein de ces prairies, les objectifs étaient de (i) quantifier les variationsfloristiques temporelles et spatiales le long du domaine atlantique français et de déterminer siles variables de dépôts d’azote et du climat expliquaient ces patrons, (ii) comprendre lesprocessus mis en jeu lors de l’enrichissement en azote au niveau de la végétation et du sol, et(iii) examiner les moyens potentiels de conservation et de restauration.L’étude temporelle et spatiale des prairies acides a permis de mettre en évidence deschangements de composition à l’échelle locale du type de communautés mais également àl’échelle nationale du domaine atlantique français. A l’échelle locale et nationale, ceschangements ont pu être reliés à des changements climatiques d’augmentation de latempérature annuelle moyenne et de diminution de la disponibilité en eau du sol. Toutefois àl’échelle locale, les plus forts changements de végétation ont été perçus pour les sites soumiségalement aux plus forts dépôts chroniques d’azote depuis les 25 dernières années. Ceschangements de composition se sont produits au détriment des espèces de petites tailles, tellesque des dicotylédones, alors que les Poacées généralistes se sont maintenues en dominant lecouvert végétal. Ces changements sont visibles dès 10-15 kg N ha-1 an-1, déterminé comme lacharge critique d’azote pour les prairies acides.L’approche expérimentale a permis de souligner les processus mis en jeu dans ceshabitats acides lors d’un apport d’azote. Notamment, l’enrichissement en azote n’entraineraitpas de compétition pour la lumière au sein de la végétation. Ce type de milieu, principalementdéfini par son caractère oligotrophe et sa faible capacité à neutraliser l’acidité du sol,semblerait donc essentiellement affecté par des mécanismes de toxicité de l’ammonium voired’acidification du milieu à long terme.Enfin, les moyens de restauration étudiés ont montré la difficulté de conserver et derestaurer de tels habitats potentiellement affectés par les dépôts d’azote. En effet, l’utilisationde fauches répétées avec exportation de la biomasse a montré son inutilité dans un systèmequi n’est pas influencé par la compétition pour la lumière. De même, l’étude des banques degraines a montré que ce pool d’espèces ne pouvait pas représenter le seul moyen deconservation des espèces caractéristiques. Ces résultats révèlent l’importance de conserver lesprairies acides existantes, principalement dans des sites soumis à de faibles dépôts ambiants.To assess the impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on ecosystems, we werefocused on a patrimonial interest ecosystem: acid grasslands of Violion caninae. Within thesegrasslands, we aimed to (i) characterise temporal and spatial variation in plant speciescomposition along the French Atlantic domain and determine if nitrogen deposition andclimate variables could explain these patterns, (ii) understand processes underlined bynitrogen addition on vegetation and soil, and (iii) examine the potential conservation andrestoration ways.Temporal and spatial approach of acid grasslands brought to light changes in speciescomposition at local scale of community type but also at the national French Atlantic domainscale. At both local and national scale, these changes were linked to climate change withincrease of mean annual temperature and decrease of soil water availability. However at localscale, the most changes in species composition were experienced on sites with climate changeand also the highest chronic nitrogen deposition since the last 25 years. These changes inspecies composition occurred at the expense of short stature species like forbs whereasgrasses species were persistent and dominated vegetation. These changes are visible from 10-15 kg N ha-1 an-1, determined as the critical load for nitrogen in acid grasslands.The experiment allowed to highlight processes underlined in acid grasslands afternitrogen addition. In particular, nitrogen enrichment did not lead to light competition invegetation. These grasslands, mainly defined by poor-nutrient and low capacity to bufferacidity in soil, were essentially affected by ammonium toxicity or even acidification on thelong range.Finally, the study of conservation ways showed the difficulty to conserve and restorethe grasslands affected by nitrogen deposition. Indeed, more frequent cuttings with biomassremoval were useless in a system not influenced by light competition within vegetation. Thestudy of seed banks showed also that conservation ways could not be based just on seed banksto maintain characteristic species. These results highlight the importance to conserve theexisting acid grasslands, mostly in region with low ambient nitrogen deposition
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