1,720,957 research outputs found
New strategies to implement flu vaccination in health workers: forum theatre in a university hospital
No full textEvery year outbreaks of influenza infects approximately
10% of the population leading to high morbidity and mortality,
especially in settings like health care facilities. Even when the
influenza vaccination has been recommended for health care
workers (HCWs), in order to protect vulnerable individuals and
reduce transmission, the average coverage of vaccinated HCWs
of the past years has only been 28.6% in European Union (EU)
and 15% in Italy, probably due to the lack of trust in vaccines,
propagated by the media
Incidence study of surgical site infections in a large University Hospital in Rome, first results
No full textBackground
Surgical Site Infections (SSI) represent about a quarter of healthcare associated infections (HAI), increase the risk of mortality and hospital stay and extend healthcare costs. The aim of this work is to evaluate the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing surgical procedures of Hospital Units in the Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS (FPG).
Methods
This descriptive observational monocentric study has a 30-months duration: the first phase was conducted between July 2018 and March 2019. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery procedures were enrolled. Active infection surveillance was performed, according to the ECDC, during the hospital stay and the surgical outpatient visits. We also performed a post-discharge surveillance (PDS) at 30 days (or 90 days if an implant has been inserted), through a telephone interview, made by a medical doctor resident in Public Health.
Results
During the first phase were enrolled 431 procedures in 2 Hospital Units, about emergency and hepatobiliary surgery. There were 53 cases of surgical site infection (SSI) highlighted in these procedures. Therefore, SSI’s were reported in 12.09% of the procedures. In particular, in 6.28% of cases, SSIs were diagnosed during the hospital stay. The results of this study showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.005) in incidence rate of emergency (10,70%) and hepatobiliary tract (13,17%) procedures. The average hospital stay was significant higher (p < 0.001) in patients who developed an SSI (17.27 days) than in patients without SSI (4.89 days).
Conclusions
These preliminary results show that the incidence rate of SSI for gastrointestinal procedures is similar to other European Countries (9.6%). The Hospital Health Management of FPG take care to the surveillance of hospital infections and monitor the correct application of the procedures, in line with the standards defined by Joint Commission International for guarantee high level in patients’ care
Indagine di prevalenza sulle infezioni correlate all’assistenza in un Policlinico Universitario.
No full textINTRODUZIONELe infezioni correlate all’assistenza (ICA) rappresentano una delle più frequenti complicanze delle prestazioni ospedaliere e al contempo una delle sfide principali della sanità pubblica del Paese. Al fine di delinearne al meglio l’impatto, risultano fondamentali le attività di sorveglianza attiva attraverso indagini di prevalenza e incidenza.MATERIALI E METODI Dal 11 al 13 ottobre 2017, è stata condotta nelle degenze ordinarie del Policlinico Universitario un’indagine di prevalenza puntuale sulle infezioni nosocomiali.Sono state acquisite informazioni sulla presenza fattori di rischio per l’insorgenza di infezioni ospedaliere (interventi chirurgici nei 30 giorni antecedenti la rilevazione, provenienza da casa di cura, RSA o centri dialisi negli ultimi 90 giorni, isolamento di microrganismi MDR negli ultimi 90 giorni, presenza di un catetere urinario a permanenza, antibioticoterapia, tipologia di microrganismi isolati). Per la rilevazione è stato utilizzato un apposito software.RISULTATI Sono stati arruolati 1106 pazienti.Nel 2017, i pazienti con almeno una ICA sono stati 34, per un numero complessivo di 35 casi (62 casi nel 2016, 5,48% di prevalenza; p=0,025) mentre la prevalenza complessiva delle ICA è stata del 3,16%.La prevalenza per la tipologia di Specialità secondo classificazione ECDC si è dimostrata più alta nell’Area Medica (4,72%) con 22 casi di ICA rilevati. Più interessante appare il decremento, rispetto al 2016, osservato nei reparti di specialità chirurgica (7,5% nel 2016 vs 1,78% nel 2017; p=0,002) e, anche se non significativo, in quelli della specialità ginecologica (5,7% nel 2016 vs 2,3% nel 2017; p=0,247) e nelle terapie intensive (8,2% nel 2016 vs 4,35% nel 2016; p=0,231).Per quanto riguarda la tipologia di ICA, le infezioni del torrente ematico, con 11 casi, costituiscono la tipologia più frequente (0,99%), seguite dalle polmoniti con 9 casi (0,81%) e le Infezioni delle vie urinaria con 8 casi (0,72%).Rispetto al 2016, si nota un decremento significativo delle infezioni del sito chirurgico (6 casi nel 2017 vs 23 casi nel 2016; p=0,002) e, non significativo, delle infezioni delle vie urinarie (8 casi nel 2017 vs 16 casi nel 2016; p=0,113).CONCLUSIONILo studio, pur con i limiti propri delle indagini di prevalenza puntuale, sembra evidenziare l’efficacia di alcune misure di prevenzione realizzate nel setting oggetto di sorveglianza. Informazioni più solide sul dato delle infezioni del sito chirurgico saranno acquisite con uno studio di incidenza che a rotazione interesserà tutti i reparti chirurgici dell’Ospedale in programma per il periodo 2018 -2020
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Hand hygiene, knowledge and training motivational drives: findings from a survey in a university hospital
Full text linkThis study assessed healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge and adherence to
hand hygiene principles in a large Italian university hospital, focusing on identifying
knowledge gaps and evaluating training effectiveness. A specifically designed 17-
item questionnaire, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Hand Hygiene
Knowledge Questionnaire, was used to measure theoretical knowledge, the role
of training, and the impact of experience. The survey had an 8% participation rate
(542 responses from a total of 6,749 HCWs), with higher responses among nurses
and doctors. Results showed moderate knowledge of hand hygiene protocols,
averaging 74%, but revealed gaps in comprehension, particularly in the correct
use of hand rub and post-contact sanitation. Logistic regression analysis identified
significant predictors of knowledge and adherence, with professional characteristics
such as professional qualifications and length of service influencing outcomes
(p < 0.05). The findings confirm the strong correlation between hand hygiene
knowledge and compliance in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
Continuous education and customized interventions, including targeted training
and feedback, are essential for targeting weak points and improving adherence.
These insights emphasize the importance of ongoing training and monitoring
to enhance hand hygiene practices, promote a culture of patient safety, and, as
a consequence, reduce the incidence of HAI
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