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Produzione di antigeni ricombinanti del virus della bluetongue
Full text linkBluetongue Virus is the type species of the genus Orbivirus, within the family Reoviridae. Ovens are infected with the virus by certain species of biting midges (Culicoides) and BTV is the aetiologic agent of catarrhal fever or Bluetongue. Disease is cause of important economic losses for country involved in; this reason make us consider BTV as an emergency and for this is necessary to carry on studies in order to find out solutions for preventing and fighting his proliferation. The purpose of this work was the production of recombinant antigen in eterologous system from BTV serotype 2, that arrived in Sardinia into 2001, to use them as diagnostic and preventives tools of the disease. In order to obtain this result, virus has been isolated, identified as BTV serogroup and as serotype 2 of Corsican strain and a library of the viral DNA has been created. Two of virus’s genes (L2 and S7) have been cloned in bacterial system , sequenced and the protein codified from S7, the VP7, expressed in recombinant form, purified, and characterized with Immunoblotting and ELISA. Moreover, the S7 gene was cloned into expression system for plants transformation.
The attempts to stop disease with attenuated vaccines in 2000 get a lot of problems due to the virus reversion causing collateral effects as abortion and birth of lambs with physical deformity. At the moment, different attempts based on BTV sub unity for the production of recombinant vaccines have been done. They have been demonstrated extremely safe and effective in protecting sheep as they are suitable for DIVA diagnostic. Anyway, different inoculations are necessary for the tool efficacy as for inactivated vaccines and in addition the high production costs in conventional systems stop from their utilization in the prevent campaigns. A different way of work is to use plants as model of expression. Plants offer high expression level of proteins, in fact some vegetable organs cumulate a big quantity of proteins, moreover, it is very easy to increase or decrease the levels of production and the costs of production for recombinant vaccines in this system are cheapest. Protein’s antigenic properties product in plants could be tested in animals models. We hope this type of work will lead us to build up efficient disease controls system in the future
Identification of conserved Mycoplasma agalactiae surface antigens by immunoproteomics
No full textContagious agalactia represents one of the most relevant infectious diseases of dairy sheep, with Mycoplasma
agalactiae being the primary etiological agent. The early, sensitive, and specific identification of infected animals,
as well as the development of efficient prophylactic tools, remain challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive
characterization of M. agalactiae antigens focusing on those shared among different isolates. Leveraging on
previous proteomic data obtained on individual strains, we adopted a strategy entailing sample pooling to
optimize the identification of conserved proteins that induce an immune response. The liposoluble proteins from
previously characterized field isolates and the type strain PG2T were enriched by Triton X-114 fractionation,
pooled, analysed by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and subjected to western
immunoblotting against sheep sera collected during natural infection with M. agalactiae. Immunodominant antigens
were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Time-Of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).
This combined immunoproteomic approach confirmed the role of several known immunogens, including P80,
P48, and P40, and most variable surface proteins (Vpmas), and unveiled novel immunodominant, conserved
antigens, including MAG_1000, MAG_2220, MAG_1980, phnD, MAG_4740, and MAG_2430. Genomic context,
functional prediction, subcellular localization, and invariable expression of these proteins in all isolates suggest
their possible involvement in bacterial pathogenicity and metabolism. Moreover, most of the identified antigens
elicit a host humoral response since the early stages of infection, persisting for at least 270 days. The immunodominant,
conserved antigen panel identified in this work supports the development of effective vaccines and
diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity in all the natural infection stages
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Produzione di antigeni ricombinanti del virus della bluetongue
No full textBluetongue Virus is the type species of the genus Orbivirus, within the family Reoviridae. Ovens are infected with the virus by certain species of biting midges (Culicoides) and BTV is the aetiologic agent of catarrhal fever or Bluetongue. Disease is cause of important economic losses for country involved in; this reason make us consider BTV as an emergency and for this is necessary to carry on studies in order to find out solutions for preventing and fighting his proliferation. The purpose of this work was the production of recombinant antigen in eterologous system from BTV serotype 2, that arrived in Sardinia into 2001, to use them as diagnostic and preventives tools of the disease. In order to obtain this result, virus has been isolated, identified as BTV serogroup and as serotype 2 of Corsican strain and a library of the viral DNA has been created. Two of virus’s genes (L2 and S7) have been cloned in bacterial system , sequenced and the protein codified from S7, the VP7, expressed in recombinant form, purified, and characterized with Immunoblotting and ELISA. Moreover, the S7 gene was cloned into expression system for plants transformation.
The attempts to stop disease with attenuated vaccines in 2000 get a lot of problems due to the virus reversion causing collateral effects as abortion and birth of lambs with physical deformity. At the moment, different attempts based on BTV sub unity for the production of recombinant vaccines have been done. They have been demonstrated extremely safe and effective in protecting sheep as they are suitable for DIVA diagnostic. Anyway, different inoculations are necessary for the tool efficacy as for inactivated vaccines and in addition the high production costs in conventional systems stop from their utilization in the prevent campaigns. A different way of work is to use plants as model of expression. Plants offer high expression level of proteins, in fact some vegetable organs cumulate a big quantity of proteins, moreover, it is very easy to increase or decrease the levels of production and the costs of production for recombinant vaccines in this system are cheapest. Protein’s antigenic properties product in plants could be tested in animals models. We hope this type of work will lead us to build up efficient disease controls system in the future
A Deeper Insight into Evolutionary Patterns and Phylogenetic History of ORF Virus through the Whole Genome Sequencing of the First Italian Strains
No full textOrf virus (ORFV) is distributed worldwide and is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma
that mainly occurs in sheep and goats. This disease was reported for the first time at the end of 18th
century in Europe but very little is currently known about the temporal and geographic origins of
this virus. In the present study, the use of new Italian whole genomes allowed for better inference on
the evolutionary history of ORFV. In accordance with previous studies, two genome types (S and G)
were described for infection of sheep and goats, respectively. These two well-differentiated groups of
genomes originated for evolutive convergence in the late 1800s in two different areas of the world
(Europe for S type and Asia for G type), but it was only in the early 1900s that the effective size of
ORFV increased among hosts and the virus spread across the whole European continent. The Italian
strains which were sequenced in the present study were isolated on the Mediterranean island of
Sardinian and showed to be exclusive to this geographic area. One of them is likely representative
of the early European forms of ORFV which infected sheep and became extinct about one century
ago. Such an ancient Sardinian strain may have reached the island simple by chance, where it quickly
adapted to the new habitat
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Whole genome sequencing of two Canine Herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) isolates and clinicopathological outcomes of infection in French Bulldog puppies
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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