1,721,041 research outputs found
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Young people’s mental health
No full textThis chapter introduces the topic of young people’s mental health before exploring distinctions between mental health and mental ‘ill’ health and the stigma of many mental health problems. Drawing upon the lived experiences of young people, the chapter considers different understandings of mental ill health – often described as ‘models’ – and the implications for diagnosis, treatment, and support. The biomedical, psychological, and social models are introduced and critically analysed followed by a consideration of how these are combined within more contemporary biopsychosocial approaches
Childhood identities and materiality
No full textA well-worn blanket that has lived with a child since birth; an ageing teddy-bear which arrived as a gift and continues to remind a growing child of home; a wooden box full of ‘stuff ’, including pictures, a party invitation, letters, doodles, photographs and drawings – are these things important? If so, how – and what might they reveal, if anything, about childhood identity? Identity is not fixed or singular but fluid and multifaceted, and reflects a range of social, cultural, economic and political influences. Identity formation is recognised as a dynamic process in which children negotiate, construct and reconstruct multiple identities throughout their lives (Cooper and Collins, 2008). Some aspects of children’s identities reflect distinct social markers, such as age, gender and ethnicity and family and group membership. Yet there is more to identity, which appreciates the dynamic and fluid quality of children’s everyday lives, including how they play, places they go and how they engage with the material world. A growing body of research calls for a broad understanding of identity which considers how children interact with physical, material things (Cross, 2004; Horton and Kraftl, 2006; Horton, 2008; Jones, 2008; Grube, 2017) to communicate aspects of self. Materials not only leave traces of where children go, the people and places that are part and parcel of their lives – but also the things they enjoy and produce, as well as how they project their own unique identities. However, the materiality of childhood has been somewhat overlooked and is a relatively recent focus of research across childhood studies and children’s geographies (Edwards and Hart, 2004; Jones, MacLure et al.,2012; Cooper, 2017). These research developments recognise that material things not only take on social meanings, but that humans interact with and use materials in a variety of ways which provide order, structure, meaning and a sense of self.This chapter is structured to look, first, at identity and what this concept means, before introducing ideas about materiality. The remaining sections discuss how materiality is a useful medium for exploring childhood identity; first, in relation to how objects such as toys, games and pictures are marketed, selected and often used in ways which reveal how childhood identities are shaped within social and cultural systems; and second, how children themselves engage with and use material things to narrate their individual and unique sense of self
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Children's bodies
No full textThis chapter considers how children’s bodies, although principally acknowledged as biological, are also social. Bodies are seen, appraised, and often judged by children themselves and also by other people, and these judgements can significantly influence children’s lived experiences. Bodies are often perceived according to deeply ingrained social and cultural values which deem some bodies as too fat or too thin, too big or too small. Exploring bodies provides insight into how children understand and value their own bodies and those of others. It also reveals some of the power relations evident in how children’s bodies are defined, categorised, and sometimes controlled according to their age, size, colour, and gender. Using a case study example, this chapter illustrates how children’s bodies are disciplined and ‘schooled’ to conform to institutionalised, dominant, adult-imposed boundaries and rules
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Introduction: Understanding children and young people’s lives
No full textWhat is childhood? How can we understand children and young people’s lives and experiences? Why is childhood and youth experienced differently across communities and countries? How can we support children to develop, grow, and be well? What do they have to teach us? The very notions of what ‘childhood’ and ‘youth’ are may seem utterly obvious – and yet as you will learn, they are really not that obvious at all. This Reader explores Childhood and Youth Studies and Psychology, taking a novel interdisciplinary approach that combines insights from both disciplines to illuminate key topics in childhood and youth in a complementary way. This chapter offers a first outline of the topics taught throughout the Reader as well as its key themes: the social and cultural construction of childhood and development; inequities and intersectionalities; and the importance of considering children and young people’s rights, agency, and perspectives
Mercado de trabajo y políticas sociales como instrumentos de reproducción social : Dinámicas recientes en el Gran Córdoba (2003-2013)
Full text linkFil: Assusa, Gonzalo. CIFFYH-UNC.Fil: Freyre, María Laura. CIFFYH-UNC.Fil: Merino, Luis Francisco. CIFFYH-UNC.Fil: Cooper, Victoria. CIFFYH-UNC
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Adolescents, teenagers, and youth: A time of change
No full textThe time between childhood and adulthood, when young people are not physically or socially mature but are less dependent than younger children, has been intensively scrutinised by many disciplines. In this chapter, we show that studying this period of life holistically requires integrating perspectives to see interplays between social, biological, psychological, cultural, and historical understandings. We ask why this time of life is often characterised in quite negative terms and as a time of stress and disruption and whether this is necessarily the case. We discuss the invention of the teenager; historical and cultural understandings of youth; young people’s views of adolescence; development in brains, bodies, selves, and peers; and young people’s political activism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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