6,653 research outputs found
Tool use and related errors in ideational apraxia: The quantitative simulation of patient error profiles
No full textThe behaviour of ideational apraxic patients on simple tasks involving multiple objects is typically marked by a variety of errors. While some of these errors concern the sequential organisation of action through time, many relate to the misuse of, or failure to use, necessary or appropriate tools. In this paper we apply the computational model of Cooper & Shallice (2000) to five standard multiple object tasks used in clinical assessment and demonstrate how, when lesioned, the model can account for the error profiles of two ideational apraxic patients discussed by Rumiati et al. (2001). Application of the model to the multiple object tasks demonstrates the generality of the model, while the account of the error profiles extends previous work (Cooper et al., 2005) in which ideational apraxia was argued to arise from a generalised disturbance of object representations that are held to trigger action schemas
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The urban design decision-making process: definitions & issues
No full textKi-67 and outcome in clinically localised prostate cancer: analysis of conservatively treated prostate cancer patients from the Trans-Atlantic Prostate Group study.
No full textTreatment decisions after diagnosis of clinically localised prostate cancer are difficult due to variability in tumour behaviour. We therefore examined one of the most promising biomarkers in prostate cancer, Ki-67, in a cohort of 808 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1990 and 1996 and treated conservatively. Ki-67 expression was assessed immunohistochemically, in two laboratories, by two different scoring methods and the results compared with cancer-specific and overall survival. The power of the biomarker was compared with Gleason score and initial serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Both methods showed that Ki-67 provided additional prognostic information beyond that available from Gleason score and PSA: for the semi-quantitative method, Deltachi(2) (1 d.f.)=24.6 (P<0.0001), overall survival chi(2)=20.5 (P<0.0001), and for the quantitative method, Deltachi(2) (1 d.f.)=15.1 (P=0.0001), overall survival chi(2)=10.85 (P=0.001). Ki-67 is a powerful biomarker in localised prostate cancer and adds to a model predicting the need for radical or conservative therapy. As it is already in widespread use in routine pathology, it is confirmed as the most promising biomarker to be applied into routine practice
Assessment of available anatomical characters for linking living mammals to fossil taxa in phylogenetic analyses
No full textORCID: 0000-0003-4919-8655© 2016 The Authors.
Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The file attached is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Diagnostic Manual-Intellectual Disability 2: A Textbook of Diagnosis of Mental Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Disability
No full textImproved outcomes for individuals with co-occurring intellectual/developmental disability (IDD) and mental illness depends upon effective psychiatric treatment. Effective treatment requires an accurate psychiatric diagnosis. Obtaining that accurate diagnosis for individuals with IDD has been, and remains, very challenging. This book was written to address this challenge. More than 100 experts from around the world have now updated the DM-ID to accompany the DSM-5
Yersinia pestis DNA from Skeletal Remains from the 6(th) Century AD Reveals Insights into Justinianic Plague.
No full textYersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of the disease plague, has been implicated in three historical pandemics. These include the third pandemic of the 19(th) and 20(th) centuries, during which plague was spread around the world, and the second pandemic of the 14(th)-17(th) centuries, which included the infamous epidemic known as the Black Death. Previous studies have confirmed that Y. pestis caused these two more recent pandemics. However, a highly spirited debate still continues as to whether Y. pestis caused the so-called Justinianic Plague of the 6(th)-8(th) centuries AD. By analyzing ancient DNA in two independent ancient DNA laboratories, we confirmed unambiguously the presence of Y. pestis DNA in human skeletal remains from an Early Medieval cemetery. In addition, we narrowed the phylogenetic position of the responsible strain down to major branch 0 on the Y. pestis phylogeny, specifically between nodes N03 and N05. Our findings confirm that Y. pestis was responsible for the Justinianic Plague, which should end the controversy regarding the etiology of this pandemic. The first genotype of a Y. pestis strain that caused the Late Antique plague provides important information about the history of the plague bacillus and suggests that the first pandemic also originated in Asia, similar to the other two plague pandemics
Symptoms of anxiety or depression and risk of fracture in older people: the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
No full textSummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the prospective association between symptoms of anxiety and depression and risk of fracture in older people. Results showed that men, but not women, with probable anxiety at baseline had an increased risk of fracture.IntroductionThe use of psychotropic drugs has been linked with an increased risk of fracture in older people, but there are indications that the conditions for which these drugs were prescribed may themselves influence fracture risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between symptoms of anxiety and depression and risk of fracture in older people. The study design is a prospective cohort study.MethodsOne thousand eighty-seven men and 1,050 women aged 59–73 years completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data on incident fracture during an average follow-up period of 5.6 years were collected through interview and a postal questionnaire.ResultsCompared to men with no or few symptoms of anxiety (score ?7 on the HADS anxiety subscale), men with probable anxiety (score ?11) had an increased risk of fracture: After adjustment for age and potential confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval) was 4.03 (1.55, 10.5). There were no associations between levels of anxiety and fracture risk in women. Few men or women had probable depression at baseline (score ?11 on the HADS depression subscale). Amongst men with possible depression (score 8–10), there was an increased risk of fracture that was of borderline significance: multivariate-adjusted OR 3.57 (0.99, 12.9). There was no association between possible depression and fracture risk in women.ConclusionsHigh levels of anxiety in older men may increase their risk of fracture. Future research needs to replicate this finding in other populations and investigate the underlying mechanisms
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