7,938 research outputs found
War of Ghosts: Marshall, Veblen and Bartlett
No full textThe article discusses the historical relationship between economics and the tradition of experimental psychology established at Cambridge University. At the same time, we explore how the Cambridge model of the mind was implemented in the United States by Thorstein Veblen, who claimed instinct theory as a novel foundation for his evolutionary-institutional economics. While Veblen identified Alfred Marshall's economics with an older version of psychology, our comparison of the psychological thought of these two economists, as well as our investigation into the social dimensions and possibilities of the Cambridge psychological tradition as developed in the early twentieth century by F. C. Bartlett, points to substantial common ground
Nutrient-responsive mTOR signalling grows on Sterile ground
No full textThe control of cell growth, that is cell size, is largely controlled by mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin), a large serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates ribosome biogenesis and protein translation. mTOR activity is regulated both by the availability of growth factors, such as insulin/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), and by nutrients, notably the supply of certain key amino acids. The last few years have seen a remarkable increase in our understanding of the canonical, growth factor-regulated pathway for mTOR activation, which is mediated by the class I PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases), PKB (protein kinase B), TSC1/2 (the tuberous sclerosis complex) and the small GTPase, Rheb. However, the nutrient-responsive input into mTOR is important in its own right and is also required for maximal activation of mTOR signalling by growth factors. Despite this, the details of the nutrient-responsive signalling pathway(s) controlling mTOR have remained elusive, although recent studies have suggested a role for the class III PI3K hVps34. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Findlay et al. demonstrate that the protein kinase MAP4K3 [mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-3, a Ste20 family protein kinase also known as GLK (germinal centre-like kinase)] is a new component of the nutrient-responsive pathway. MAP4K3 activity is stimulated by administration of amino acids, but not growth factors, and this is insensitive to rapamycin, most likely placing MAP4K3 upstream of mTOR. Indeed, MAP4K3 is required for phosphorylation of known mTOR targets such as S6K1 (S6 kinase 1), and overexpression of MAP4K3 promotes the rapamycin-sensitive phosphorylation of these same targets. Finally, knockdown of MAP4K3 levels causes a decrease in cell size. The results suggest that MAP4K3 is a new component in the nutrient-responsive pathway for mTOR activation and reveal a completely new function for MAP4K3 in promoting cell growth. Given that mTOR activity is frequently deregulated in cancer, there is much interest in new strategies for inhibition of this pathway. In this context, MAP4K3 looks like an attractive drug target since inhibitors of this enzyme should switch off mTOR, thereby inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, and promoting apoptosis
7_18-0122_Supplementary_Material_1_final_rpw_(1) - A Multidisciplinary Survey to Assess Facilitators and Barriers to Successful Organ Donation in the Intensive Care Unit
No full text7_18-0122_Supplementary_Material_1_final_rpw_(1) for A Multidisciplinary Survey to Assess Facilitators and Barriers to Successful Organ Donation in the Intensive Care Unit by Simon J. W. Oczkowski, Pamela Durepos, John Centofanti, Erika Arsenau, Sonny Dhanani, Deborah J. Cook, and Maureen O. Meade in Progress in Transplantation</p
8_18-0122_Supplementary_Material_2_final_rpw_(2) - A Multidisciplinary Survey to Assess Facilitators and Barriers to Successful Organ Donation in the Intensive Care Unit
No full text8_18-0122_Supplementary_Material_2_final_rpw_(2) for A Multidisciplinary Survey to Assess Facilitators and Barriers to Successful Organ Donation in the Intensive Care Unit by Simon J. W. Oczkowski, Pamela Durepos, John Centofanti, Erika Arsenau, Sonny Dhanani, Deborah J. Cook, and Maureen O. Meade in Progress in Transplantation</p
Stolen City: Racial Capitalism and the Making of Winnipeg
No full textBook review by Simon J. Lambert of Stolen City: Racial Capitalism and the Making of Winnipeg, author Owen Toews
Synthesis and structures of potassium bisdithiocarbamate salts
No full textTwo structurally related dipotassium bisdithiocarbamate salts: K2[(S2CNRCH2)2](EtOH)2; R = Me, i-Pr, were synthesised from the corresponding diamines. X-ray structure determinations were performed on single crystals grown from ethanolic solutions. The different alkyl substituents have a profound affect upon the solid-state structures, with the methyl derivative possessing a complex a 3-D network and the isopropyl derivative a 2-D lamellar structure
Contemporaneity of Clactonian and Acheulean flint industries at Barnham, Suffolk
No full textNew field evidence challenges an old-established fundamental of the Lower Palaeolithic sequence in Britain
Synthesis and characterization of lead metallated non-peripherally substituted octa-octyl tetrabenzo(aza)porphyrins showing face-to-face columnar stacking in the crystal phase
No full textThe full range of porphyrin-phthalocyanine hybrids can be synthesised by treatment of 1,4-dioctylphthalonitrile with varying equivalents of MeMgBr to produce mixtures favouring specific hybrid structures and the tetrabenzoporphyrin in the extreme case. The individual macrocycles can be isolated in pure form as their magnesium derivatives, and subsequently demetallated to give the parent metal-free compounds. Insertion of lead proceeded smoothly with all hybrids using lead (II) acetate. In the case of monoaza- and triaza-hybrids, the resulting materials could be recrystallised to give crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures are distinctive from previously reported examples of non-peripherally substituted octaalkyl phthalocyanines and hybrids (metal-free and metallated, including with lead) and they each present infinite stacks of cofacial macrocycles linked through bridging lead ions which, as expected, lie outside of the macrocycle plane
Coherent Assessments of Europe’s Marine Fishes Show Regional Divergence and Megafauna Loss
No full textFull list of authors is as follows:Paul G. Fernandes, Gina M. Ralph, Ana Nieto, Mariana García Criado, Paraskevas Vasilakopoulos, Christos D. Maravelias, Robin M. Cook, Riley A. Pollom, Marcelo Kovačić, David Pollard, Edward D. Farrell, Ann-Britt Florin, Beth A. Polidoro, Julia M. Lawson, Pascal Lorance, Franz Uiblein, Matthew Craig, David J. Allen, Sarah L. Fowler, Rachel H. L. Walls, Mia T. Comeros-Raynal, Michael S. Harvey, Manuel Dureuil, Manuel Biscoito, Caroline Pollock, Sophy R. McCully Phillips, Jim R. Ellis, Constantinos Papaconstantinou, Alen Soldo, Çetin Keskin, Steen Wilhelm Knudsen, Luís Gil de Sola, Fabrizio Serena, Bruce B. Collette, Kjell Nedreaas, Emilie Stump, Barry C. Russell, Silvia Garcia, Pedro Afonso, Armelle B. J. Jung, Helena Alvarez, João Delgado, Nicholas K. Dulvy & Kent E. Carpenter
Simon Winchester, Map that changed the world
No full textreviewThe author, noted writer Simon Winchester (who graduated with a Geology degree from Oxford University), makes no secret of the fact that this text is an unabashed tribute to his hero, William Smith, a nineteenth century surveyor and canal digger whose passionate hobby was geology. In the course of Smith\u27s vocation and avocation he went on to create what became the first geologic map of the British Isles in 1815 and to become the individual who many believe to be the father of modem geology
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