344 research outputs found
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure in breast cancer patients
No full textSince the survival of patients with cancer has significantly improved, chemotherapy-related premature ovarian failure (POF) in young cancer survivors has become a major issue in oncology. POF is associated with several health-related negative consequences, including menopausal symptoms, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, and infertility. According to the major international guidelines, embryo/oocyte cryopreservation are the standard procedures for fertility preservation in young cancer women. However, these techniques do not protect the whole ovarian function from the gonadotoxicity of anticancer therapies; indeed, they can only preserve fertility without preventing POF and related side effects. In recent years, temporary ovarian suppression during chemotherapy with lutenising hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) has emerged as an option to preserve both gonadal function and fertility. Despite temporary ovarian suppression with LHRHa showed to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of treatment-related POF in several randomized clinical trials, its use as a standard procedure is still under debate. The present review will encompass the current evidences and controversies on the efficacy and safety of ovarian protection with LHRHa during chemotherapy for preservation of ovarian function and fertility in breast cancer patients, in light of the new data published
Luteininzing hormone releasing hormones analogs in combination with tamoxifen for the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer
No full textIntroduction: The role of ovarian function suppression (OFS) through luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) in addition to tamoxifen has been questioned until recently. In 2015, two large clinical trials led to a paradigm shift in the adjuvant endocrine treatment of premenopausal women, introducing the use of LHRHa plus tamoxifen (or aromatase inhibitor, AI) into current clinical practice. Areas covered: The present review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the role of LHRHa+tamoxifen for the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer (HR+BC). Expert opinion: The addition of LHRHa to endocrine treatment (either tamoxifen or AI) is effective in premenopausal women who are at high risk of relapse. To date, no clear recommendations are available for the choice between LHRHa+tamoxifen and LHRH+AI. Although recent data showed better DFS with LHRHa+AI, other issues should be considered: 1) approximately 20 out of 100 women do not reach complete OFS with LHRHa+AI; 2) there is no extended endocrine therapy option that can be applied to women who received 5Â years of LHRHa+AI and remained premenopausal at the end of the fifth year. Long-term results of the SOFT-TEXT study are needed to establish if LHRHa+AI is superior to LHRHa+tamoxifen
Treatment-induced early menopause and the protective role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy
No full textSCOPUS: le.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Recensione a G. Comandè, Medical Law in Italy,Wolters Kluwer, 2014
No full textThe review analyses G. Comandè's work Medical Law in Italy focusing on the main issues analysed by the Author under a criminal law perspectiv
Müller Deutschland 1979-1989. L'istituzione Heiner Müller nella Repubblica Federale Tedesca attraverso l'esempio di Berlino Ovest
No full textObject of this essay is role of the GDR author and dramatist Heiner Müller in West Berlin between 1979 and 1989, contextualizing him in the specific and peculiar artistic and intellectual scenario of the so called "two hearted city"
Los apuntes autobiográficos de un morisco expulsado: algunas reflexiones sobre el prólogo del Ms. S2 de la Colección Gayangos de la Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia de Madrid
No full textThis paper aims to study some details, concerning style and themes, that the anonymous Moorish author determined to provide in the prologue of the manuscript S2 of the Gayangos Collection of the Library of the Real Academia de la Historia in Madrid [ff. 2r-16v]. Particularly, the attention is focused on the autobiographical notes inserted in the prologue, important narrative sequences in which the author tells the tough conditions suffered as a crypto-Muslim in Seventeenth-century Spain.El presente trabajo procura realizar una observación sobre algunos detalles estilísticos y temáticos que el autor morisco anónimo determina brindar en la sección del prólogo del manuscrito S2 perteneciente a la Colección Gayangos de la Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia de Madrid [ff. 2r-16v]. De manera particular, la atención se focaliza en los apuntes autobiográficos intercalados en el mismo prefacio, importantes secuencias narrativas en las que el autor relata la durísima condición que sufrió como criptomusulmán en la España del siglo XVII
Sex Hormones and Hormone Therapy during COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Patients with Cancer
No full textThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, severity, and fatality rates. The reason older patients and males show increased risk of severe disease and death remains uncertain. Sex hormones, such as estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, might be implicated in the age-dependent and sex-specific severity of COVID-19. High testosterone levels could upregulate transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), facilitating the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Data from patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen-deprivation therapy seem to confirm this hypothesis. Clinical studies on TMPRSS2 inhibitors, such as camostat, nafamostat, and bromhexine, are ongoing. Antiandrogens, such as bicalutamide and enzalutamide, are also under investigation. Conversely, other studies suggest that the immune modulating properties of androgens could protect from the unfavorable cytokine storm, and that low testosterone levels might be associated with a worse prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Some evidence also supports the notion that estrogens and progesterone might exert a protective effect on females, through direct antiviral activity or immune-mediated mechanisms, thus explaining the higher COVID-19 severity in post-menopausal women. In this perspective, we discuss the available evidence on sex hormones and hormone therapy in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and we highlight the possible implications for cancer patients, who can receive hormonal therapies during their treatment plans
Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Erucin, a Diet-Derived H2S Donor, on Human Melanoma Cells
No full textMelanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and recurrence despite the new promising therapeutic approaches. In the last years, erucin (ERU), the major isothiocyanate present in Eruca sativa, commonly known as rocket salads, has demonstrated great efficacy as an anticancer agent in different in vitro and in vivo models. More recently, the chemopreventive effects of ERU have been associated with its property of being a H2S donor in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we investigated the effects of ERU in modulating proliferation and inducing human melanoma cell death by using multiple in vitro approaches. ERU significantly reduced the proliferation of different human melanoma cell lines. A flow cytometry analysis with annexin V/PI demonstrated that ERU was able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A375 melanoma cells. The proapoptotic effect of ERU was associated with the modulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related cadherins and transcription factors. Moreover, ERU thwarted the migration, invasiveness and clonogenic abilities of A375 melanoma cells. These effects were associated with melanogenesis impairment and mitochondrial fitness modulation. Therefore, we demonstrated that ERU plays an important role in inhibiting the progression of melanoma and could represent a novel add-on therapy for the treatment of human melanoma
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