7 research outputs found
Alternative Visions to Eurocentric Public Architecture: The Work of Balkrishna Doshi in India and Alejandro Aravena in Chile.
No full textSince the 19th century, public housing projects have remained a dilemma for architects. From socialist housing projects of the East Bloc during the Communist time to large private developments in the West during the new Liberal era, socially-responsible housing projects have been at the center of architectural debates. This paper focuses on alternative vision beyond either the socialist or privatized housing projects by comparing the work of Balkrishna Doshi (1927-2023) and Alejandro Aravena (1967-Present). Despite different temporal, socio-political, and geographic contexts, the work of these two architects shares the same social responsibility, emphasizing community building and empowering the people. On the surface, these two architects, both Pritzker Prize-winners, were from different regions. However, the problems they both tackled marks the intersection of economic systems, cultural forces, poverty, political systems, and environmental issues. This paper draws on Kenneth Frampton’s six principles of “Critical Regionalism” because these principles highlight architecture rooted in local context and possibly engage in global influences. This research also examines the work of Duanfang Lu in Third World Modernism to highlight the global dimension of the practices of these two influential architects. Central to this analysis are the works of Doshi in Aranya Low-Cost Housing (1989) in Indore and Aravena’s Quinta Monroy Housing (2004) in Chile. This paper offers new insight onto the alternative approach from Doshi’s community-centric planning and Aravena’s incremental housing and public empowerment strategies. This paper explores how Alejandro Aravena leaves his architecture open and “incomplete,” allowing the community to incrementally adjust the projects to their emerging needs; whereas Balkrishna Doshi creates architecture that fosters a sense of belonging and addresses the needs of his community through planning strategies demonstrating innovative solutions. The paper investigates and compares the philosophy and ideology of Doshi and Aravena, highlighting their trajectory, practices, and different approaches to public housing
Save the Girls! American's Fear of White Slavery
No full text[MD]
###Summary
Save the Girls! examines the white slavery scare of the early 20th century. Analyzing the Mann Act and using New York white slavery primary sources as a detailed case study, the paper casts doubt on the existence of white slavery. Neither the Mann Act nor the sensational white slavery trials held in New York actually uncovered a criminal ring of white slave traders.
First the paper gives a brief overview on the Mann Act. Then using newspaper articles from the 1910s, it tells the detailed story of the white slavery hysteria in New York. The paper then proceeds to analyze why American society was so heavily influenced by these implausible tales of white slavery. The author argues that a unique convergence of social pressures, combined with the reform-minded Progressive movement led to a society that was willing to accept the existence of white slavery.
At the turn of the century, the practice of prostitution was pervasive in most large cities in the United States. The pimp system was gaining in popularity and prostitution was becoming a big business. In addition, society was dramatically changing. A huge influx of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe, along with African-Americans from the South, were changing the composition of northern cities. The status of women was in flux because more and more women were abandoning the traditional domestic sphere and moving to the city in search of employment. The social hygiene movement had opened the door to discussions of taboo subjects such as prostitution and sex. Moreover, unlike the Victorians, the Progressive reform movement did not tolerate prostitution as a necessary evil. Thus the pervasiveness of prostitution could no longer be ignored. These social pressures created an American climate that was perfect for accepting the tales of white slavery as truth
Clytean Club
No full textThe Clytean Club began in 1897 as The Twelve, a ladies\u27 literary society in Cleveland, Ohio, but it evolved to cover broader topics across history, current events, fiction, and nonfiction. Its name was later changed to The Clytean Club, after a brief time as the Kletian in 1898. “Clytean” was derived from a Greek myth in which Clytie, a water nymph, spent her days staring into the sun (Apollo) in unrequited love, until she was transformed into a flower so that she might continue to face the sun. The club interpreted Clytie\u27s sunny vigil as representative of the constant quest for — and attentiveness to — knowledge, and their symbol is a sunflower, whose face similarly tracks the sun.
Notable members include Fanny Kendel, Alice Hartman Chester, and Eda Gerstacker. Kendel was active in many levels of PTA, including her serving as their National Field Secretary. Chester, a music teacher, was an inductee into the Kiwanis Hall of Fame and acknowledged as a Woman of Distinction by the Medina County YWCA. Gerstacker was the founder of the Rollin M. Gerstacker Foundation and mother of Carl Gerstacker, former chairman of the Dow Chemical Company.
The Clytean meets once per month, usually at a member\u27s house, at which time the group discusses materials it has read, listens to guest speakers, votes on the admittance of new members, and plans its donations to and involvement in various charities.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cmpex/1051/thumbnail.jp
If only I could turn back time—Regret in bereaved parents
No full textIntroduction:
Regret about loss is one of the most intense types of regret experienced in life. Little is known about the bereavement regret of parents whose child has died of cancer. Although knowledge about parents’ experiences after their child's death is vital for supporting these families, parents’ regret is mostly hidden from the treating clinical staff. This study aimed to explore these parents’ regret themes and their impact on their future lives.
Methods:
An explorative questionnaire was sent to bereaved parents who lost a child to cancer. A total of 26 parents responded to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.
Results:
Regret experiences were shared by almost all participants. The focus of regret issues include parenting and interaction with the child, reflection on existing values, dealing with the disease, and neglecting the remaining siblings. The regret experience had an impact on prioritizing values, future lifestyle and contacts.
Conclusions:
Regret seems to be a general phenomenon among bereaved parents and strongly influences the grieving process, in the sense of reflecting on past experiences to reorient for future actions. As this study was explorative, it is significant toward deepening the understanding of bereavement regret in future. These insights are crucial when working with affected families to help them decide important issues they can care about now and will not regret later
Expansion and Contraction through Mechanisms: Exploring through Design Build
No full textThrough the exploration of expansion and contraction, efficient spatial experiences are created through architectural design. For this studio-built project, it will focus on understanding how mechanisms can help with pulling and pushing outwards creating a kind of tension that makes space feel more dynamic and alive. The studio-built design will explore the expansion and contraction using mechanisms.
For the design methodology, the process began with researching various types of mechanisms that examine the expansion through strategies of extension, projection, and spatial opening that connect interior to the surrounding context. The concentration is explored through the enclosure and spatial focusing that creates moments of intimacy and concentration. This paper aims to help position the contraction and expansion of the studio-built design to work together to create a space that people can experience.
By using spatial sequences that alternate between expansion and contraction, the studio-built design creates open areas and tighter, more focused areas of the space. The expansion and contraction of the design creates a rhythm through the space that gives the illusion that the pod is breathing. The material choices and the lighting strategies are used to emphasize the rhythmic quality. Having textured surfaces such as the wood, will allow for the experience of the building to feel more grounded and contained. Light becomes an important aspect of the space as it floods the space to open and create a focus beam that compresses the feeling of the room.
The research of this studio-built design demonstrates that expansion and contraction function to create experiential conditions that shape how the architecture is perceived and inhabited. The duality creates a unified design concept that responds to the programmatic needs of the design
Strategy evaluation of industrial enterprises in business process reengineering in manufacturing
No full textThe aim of the article. The article discusses the issues of strategic evaluation of the industrial enterprises in reengineering business processes in production at the project level. The aim of the article is to improve methods of strategic assessment of an industrial enterprise, which aims to study the positive and negative aspects of the business process reengineering of industrial enterprise in the future.
The results of the analysis. Author improved SWOT-analysis of business process reengineering, which is the clustering of business processes in the spheres of management of industrial enterprise and the development of appropriate indicators of economic data clusters. It is calculated the resulting weighted evaluation during SWOT-analysis of business process reengineering of industrial engineering industry. It was conducted the rank estimation of SWOT-analysis components of business process reengineering industry. The coefficients of concordance of Kendel defect components SWOT-analysis of business process reengineering. It is formed matrix interactions strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats during reengineering of business processes at industrial plants (project level).
Conclusions and directions of further researches. The scientific value of advanced methodological tools is systematizing of business processes for activities of industrial enterprises in conducting SWOT- analysis of business process reengineering. Later these methodological tools can be supplemented by other methods of strategic evaluation of the company, such as 111-555, LOTS, PIMS-analysis
Health and wellbeing benefits of conservation in New Zealand
No full textAbstract: Despite a long-held popular belief that nature is ‘healthy’ for people, exactly how or even whether this is true has only recently been subject to scientific scrutiny. This report reviews key literature relevant to the relationship between conservation and health and wellbeing (HWB) benefits, with a particular focus on public conservation areas (PCAs) managed by the New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). The review takes a broad approach both to the types of natural environments that may offer HWB benefits and to the scope of HWB.Overall, there is a large body of internationally relevant modern research that suggests that exposure to natural environments has direct positive effects on human HWB. However, much of this research was either anecdotal or descriptive. Of the relatively small number of experimental studies that have rigorously tested differences between natural and non-natural settings, many of the positive effects were not statistically significant or related to very small sample groups. Therefore, further investigation of activities undertaken in PCAs and their HWB outcomes is required to better understand conservation/human HWB relationships in New Zealand. The report identifies sources of data and expertise that are required to further analyse the relationships between conservation investment and human health, discusses the value of conservation investment as measured by health outcomes, and describes measures that would improve the alignment between conservation management and potential HWB benefits in New Zealand. Recommendations focus on requirements for research relevant to New Zealand natural areas, and the need for an integrated approach between DOC, other managers of public natural areas, and managers and stakeholders in the health and volunteering sectors
