1,721,000 research outputs found
In-work poverty among self-employed and non-standard workers in Europe: Working multiple jobs as a survival strategy
No full textIn-work poverty is considered a pressing social issue in Europe. Despite the growing concern with in-work poverty, however, it remains a relatively under-examined topic – particularly in relation to developments in atypical work and multiple jobholding. This paper presents an analysis of in-work poverty among various types of workers in Europe, based on data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The study finds that in-work poverty rates are higher for employees with temporary contracts and self-employed workers than for employees with permanent contracts. However, self-employed have a higher poverty risk than employees with temporary contracts using the relative income method, but a lower in-work poverty risk using the subjective poverty method. This finding may be related to the non-trivial problems that come with objective income statistics for the self-employed. Furthermore, in-work poverty rates were in 2016 higher than in 2006 for various types of workers, though the increase seems particularly marked among self-employed workers. Multiple jobholding lowers the risk of in-work poverty for all types of workers, though particularly for self-employed workers the odds of being poor seem to be lower for those who combine multiple jobs. The findings demonstrate the merits and drawbacks of different in-work poverty methods and measures, and points to the importance of a better understanding of poverty profiles of self-employed workers in particular
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Older workers: the view of Dutch employers in a European perspective
No full textObjective: In most Western countries, macro-level actors realise there are major challenges ahead in dealing with an ageing society. Demographic developments will have large consequences for welfare state expenditures and will profoundly alter the composition and level of labour supply on the labour market. Although various measures to raise the participation levels of older workers have been suggested for a good length of time now, there is still only limited insight into how employers are behaving towards older workers. The aim of this dissertation is to improve our understanding of employers’ attitudes and actions towards older workers. Design/methodology/approach: The central questions of this study are (1) whether Dutch employers’ behaviour has been changing over time and (2) how European employers are behaving towards older workers, offering the opportunity to analyse behaviour of Dutch employers in a European perspective. To answer these questions, a questionnaire was developed and international survey data was jointly collected within the framework of a research project called ‘Activating Senior Potential in Ageing Europe’ [ASPA]. Consortium partners of the ASPA-project collected survey data among employers in eight European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The surveys were sent to company directors, owners and heads of HR departments (‘employers’) and ‘older workers’ were defined as workers aged 50 years and older. Besides survey research, all consortium partners conducted case study research at the organisational level in their own country. Findings: This dissertation shows that in the Netherlands, retention behaviour has been modestly changing over the last decade, which seems to be incited by institutional changes. However, older workers’ recruitment and retention levels are still low in the whole of Europe and employers rather retain than recruit older workers. European employers associate an ageing staff primarily with an increasing gap between labour costs and productivity and this expected labour cost-productivity gap is especially an issue in the Netherlands. Nevertheless, employers expecting a labour cost-productivity gap do not apply more organisational measures to bridge this gap. Employers think that effective governmental policies to increase the labour force participation of older workers are predominantly to be found in the combination of work and retirement. Originality/ value: The dissertation addresses the employers’ perspective on older workers and extension of working lives; a perspective that is often neglected in the scientific literature compared to attitudes and behaviour of older workers themselves and research on institutional arrangements. This paper is also among the first to report on employers’ policies and practices from a cross-national perspective. Additionally, in terms of societal relevance it is of vital importance to address issues on the demand side, as employers are one of the key players in defining opportunities as well as restrictions for extension of working lives. Knowledge of employers’ attitudes and actions towards older workers and their views on prolongation of working lives makes it easier to anticipate the feasibility of governmental policy measures in this field and organisations may benefit from this knowledge when developing and introducing personnel policies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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