1,720,967 research outputs found
Delayed transitions to adulthood and assisted reproduction: A study of educational differences in Spain
No full textTransitions to adulthood are increasingly delayed in low-fertility countries, particularly among highly educated women, with significant implications for the timing of attempts to conceive and parenthood. Delayed childbearing increases the risk of infertility and the reliance on assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Spain has experienced pronounced delays in transitions to adulthood alongside a substantial rise in ART use over recent decades. This research adopts a life course approach to examine the association between delayed transitions to adulthood, the likelihood of using ART, and the chances of achieving a live birth following ART, accounting for variations by age and educational attainment. Based on a sample of 12,930 women aged 24-55 from the 2018 Spanish Fertility Survey (SFS 2018), event-history analyses reveal that late first stable employment is associated with a lower likelihood of using ART, particularly for women without university education. Conversely, late housing independence and late coresidential partnership - up to the mid-30s - are linked to a higher likelihood of using ART. Among ART users, the likelihood of achieving a live birth decreases markedly with age, but declines less sharply for university-educated women. The timing of transitions to adulthood and the likelihood of achieving a live birth after ART are not related, except among women who left the parental home or entered a partnership particularly late, who are less likely to succeed. Overall, the findings suggest that ART offers limited capacity to mitigate the effects of delayed transitions to adulthood and fertility, especially for less educated women.This work was supported by Grant PRE2018-086566 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and "ESF Investing in your future", and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (BIC.LATE project, grant agreement number 101001410)Peer reviewe
For whom the clock tolls ? : becoming a late father or a late mother facing norms and ages
No full textDepuis les années 1980, les naissances tardives sont plus nombreuses dans les pays occidentaux et sont de plus en plus des premiers enfants. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’entrée tardive en maternité et en paternité, dans le contexte français caractérisé par une norme parentale forte. En premier lieu, je propose une réflexion sur la définition d'un âge tardif à la première naissance, retenant les seuils de 35 ans pour les femmes et de 38 ans pour les hommes. Ainsi définie, l’entrée tardive en parentalité se comprend de façon ambivalente par rapport aux normes : d’un côté, elle peut être perçue comme un écart choisi à la norme procréative, notamment au « bon âge » pour concevoir. De l’autre, on peut la voir comme un produit de l’encadrement normatif qui définit les « bonnes conditions » préalables à l’arrivée d’un enfant. Cette ambivalence est d’abord perceptible dans l’analyse textuelle d’un corpus de médias. L’objectif est ensuite de comprendre l’augmentation des premières naissances tardives au regard du genre, du niveau de diplôme, et des parcours professionnels et conjugaux. Pour cela, je recours à des matériaux et méthodes qualitatifs (entretiens) et quantitatifs – EDP (Insee, 2016) et enquête Épic (Ined-Insee, 2013–2014). Si les personnes ayant le plus de ressources culturelles et sociales sont celles qui reportent le plus souvent l’entrée en parentalité, une renégociation des normes est aussi plus aisée pour ces groupes. L’analyse du rattrapage d’une première naissance à des âges procréatifs tardifs est l’occasion de voir se déployer, dans l’accès au statut de parent, des processus inégaux selon le genre et le milieu social.Since the 1980s, there is an upward trend in late fertility in Western countries and there are also more and more first births. This thesis focuses on late transitions to motherhood and to fatherhood, in the French context, which is characterized by a strong parental norm. I start questioning the definition of a late age at first birth, and use the thresholds of 35 for women and 38 for men. Defined that way, a late entry into parenthood can be understood as an ambivalent relationship with norms: on the one hand, one could consider it as a chosen deviation from the procreative norm, notably from the ‘right age’ to conceive. On the other hand, one could perceive it as a product of the normative framework that defines the ‘right conditions’ prior to the arrival of a child. This ambivalence is first noticeable through a textual analysis of a corpus of online media. The objective is, then, to understand the increase in late first births according to gender, education as well as professional and partnership pathways. To do this, I use qualitative materials and methods (interviews) and quantitative data – EDP (Insee, 2016) and Épic survey (Ined-Insee, 2013–2014). While the people with the most cultural and social resources not only are those who postpone entry into parenthood the most, but are also groups that manage to renegotiate with norms. The analysis of catching-up on a first birth at late reproductive ages is, then, an opportunity to see how unequal gender and social relations unfold in the access to parental status
Late mothers and late fathers have a first birth with younger partners
No full textIndividual characteristics of late parents have been extensively studied in demographic literature, but less is known about the parental couple. As Marie-Caroline Compans shows, looking at fathers and mothers separately, late first-time parents tend to be in a union with younger-than-customary partners. The implications of the two cases are not the same, however
Limites d'âge pour la prise en charge de l'assistance médicale à la procréation : quelles évolutions face à l'augmentation des naissances tardives ?
No full textPour qui sonne l'heure ? : devenir père ou mère tardivement à l'épreuve des normes et de l'âge
No full textSince the 1980s, there is an upward trend in late fertility in Western countries and there are also more and more first births. This thesis focuses on late transitions to motherhood and to fatherhood, in the French context, which is characterized by a strong parental norm. I start questioning the definition of a late age at first birth, and use the thresholds of 35 for women and 38 for men. Defined that way, a late entry into parenthood can be understood as an ambivalent relationship with norms: on the one hand, one could consider it as a chosen deviation from the procreative norm, notably from the ‘right age’ to conceive. On the other hand, one could perceive it as a product of the normative framework that defines the ‘right conditions’ prior to the arrival of a child. This ambivalence is first noticeable through a textual analysis of a corpus of online media. The objective is, then, to understand the increase in late first births according to gender, education as well as professional and partnership pathways. To do this, I use qualitative materials and methods (interviews) and quantitative data – EDP (Insee, 2016) and Épic survey (Ined-Insee, 2013–2014). While the people with the most cultural and social resources not only are those who postpone entry into parenthood the most, but are also groups that manage to renegotiate with norms. The analysis of catching-up on a first birth at late reproductive ages is, then, an opportunity to see how unequal gender and social relations unfold in the access to parental status.Depuis les années 1980, les naissances tardives sont plus nombreuses dans les pays occidentaux et sont de plus en plus des premiers enfants. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’entrée tardive en maternité et en paternité, dans le contexte français caractérisé par une norme parentale forte. En premier lieu, je propose une réflexion sur la définition d'un âge tardif à la première naissance, retenant les seuils de 35 ans pour les femmes et de 38 ans pour les hommes. Ainsi définie, l’entrée tardive en parentalité se comprend de façon ambivalente par rapport aux normes : d’un côté, elle peut être perçue comme un écart choisi à la norme procréative, notamment au « bon âge » pour concevoir. De l’autre, on peut la voir comme un produit de l’encadrement normatif qui définit les « bonnes conditions » préalables à l’arrivée d’un enfant. Cette ambivalence est d’abord perceptible dans l’analyse textuelle d’un corpus de médias. L’objectif est ensuite de comprendre l’augmentation des premières naissances tardives au regard du genre, du niveau de diplôme, et des parcours professionnels et conjugaux. Pour cela, je recours à des matériaux et méthodes qualitatifs (entretiens) et quantitatifs – EDP (Insee, 2016) et enquête Épic (Ined-Insee, 2013–2014). Si les personnes ayant le plus de ressources culturelles et sociales sont celles qui reportent le plus souvent l’entrée en parentalité, une renégociation des normes est aussi plus aisée pour ces groupes. L’analyse du rattrapage d’une première naissance à des âges procréatifs tardifs est l’occasion de voir se déployer, dans l’accès au statut de parent, des processus inégaux selon le genre et le milieu social
Le déclin de la fertilité : une charge inégalement partagée entre hommes et femmes
No full textCet article s’appuie sur une recherche de doctorat portant sur le fait de devenir parent tardivement. Elle a notamment été menée à partir d’une enquête par entretiens auprès d’hommes et de femmes ayant eu ou envisageant d’avoir un premier enfant au-delà de 35 ans, et se fonde également sur l’analyse du traitement médiatique contemporain des parentalités tardives en France
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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