21,069 research outputs found
Copper deficiency or toxicity in ectomycorrhizal pines?
No full textfeatures but not others, and host specificity was less important than assumed, with evidence for host-shifts during the evolution of the genus (pp. 41-56). The recognition of a new lignicolous species of Marchandio-myces, a genus hitherto only including lichenicolous species, also provides evidence of substrate switches as it is closest to the lichenicolous M. corallinus but has M. aurantiacus (which is also lichenicolous) as the sister group ; it is suggested that in this case the lichenicolous habit arose secondarily on two separate occasions from an ancestral lignicolous one (pp. 57-70). The edible Pleurotus eryngii varies considerably morphologically and several varieties have been distinguished. A comparative study of 154 strains using RAPDs and minisatellites showed correlations with fruit body numbers and weights, but not with geographical locations nor taxonomic groupings ; a high level of heterogeneity exisited within populations (pp. 71-80). In contrast, variability in the charcoal root rot pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina, examined by SSR and microsatellite markers, revealed three major groups correlated with hosts (soybean vs cotton) and geographical origins (pp. 81-86). In order to further advance precise identifications of Alternaria species, restriction maps of the IGS region of nrDNA were constructed for 15 species and revealed both conserved and and variable domains, the latter showing considerable differences amongst the taxa (pp. 87-95). Two specific primers have been designed and tested for the detection of Sclerotinia pseudotuberosa, causal agent of black rot of Castanea sativa fruits, and were capable of detecting the fungus when growing en-dophytically and in picogram quantities (pp. 96-102). The effect of the biocontrol fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea on Heterobasdion colonization on conifer stump, has been examined by denaturing gradient gel electro-phoresis of SSU rDNA fragments obtained directly by PCR from the wood ; the treatment did not appear to reduce overall fungal diversity, and the method is a promising one for the analysis of fungal communities on stumps (pp. 103-114). Using lignin peroxidase and laccase gene-specific PCR primers, laccase genes proved widespread amongst the basidiomycetes tested and were also discovered for the first time in Xylariaceae, although in that case the enzymes were not produced in vitro as they were in the basidiomycetes (pp. 115-124)
Gene expression studies in different genotypes of an ectomycorrhizal fungus require a high number of reliable reference genes
No full textQuantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) has become the standard technique for the expression analysis of a set of chosen genes of interest. The accuracy and reliability of qRT-PCR measurements strongly depends on the normalization with appropriate endogenous reference genes. In this study a set of candidate reference genes for the use in gene expression studies of a basidiomycete fungus, Suillus luteus, exposed to toxic concentrations of zinc or cadmium was identified, evaluated and validated. Seven candidate genes were selected from cDNA-AFLP as stably expressed and the algorithms geNorm and Normfinder were used to evaluate these genes alongside the traditionally used housekeeping genes (actin, tubulin) in different S. luteus isolates. The use of several S. luteus isolates revealed that each isolate has its own most stably expressed set of reference genes, regardless of the metal treatments, in casu metal exposures. Metal treatments had only a minor impact on the expression of the candidate reference genes. The validated reference genes outperform the in fungal research commonly used single, arbitrary chosen (“housekeeping”) genes in terms of reliability, and have the potential to be suitable reference genes when studying the effect of other environmental factors. A relatively high number of reference genes is required to correct for intraspecific variability when studying natural populations.</jats:p
The Smart Flanders program: a collaborative and co-creative approach to the development and implementation of a joint open data policy amongst cities
No full textJan Kapr's contribution to contemporary music : an essay about a composer and teacher
No full textThis creative project is a treatise on a leading personality of Czechoslovakian musical life, the composer, Jan Kapr. The author discusses the following:1. The complicated development of Kapr's career and work, 2. Kapr's method of organization of musical material in a composition, as described in his book Constants,3. His former and current style which is demonstrated in two of his compositions, Concert Variations, for flute and string orchestra and Testimonies for four solo instruments,4. Two of his recent works, Exercises for Gydli and the Symphony No. 7, Country of Childhood.Thesis (M.A.
Being a smart city is not the goal, but what is? A quantitative and qualitative analysis of smart city strategies in 13 cities in Flanders, Belgium
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ELEVEN FACES OF JAN GOGOL, JR.
No full textAuthor Jan Rendl in his thesis attempts to look at the world of ideas and educator Jan
Gogola ml. through the eleven chapters in which each chapter somehow characterizes itself by Jan Gogola ml. and each of them somehow determines its creative ideas of it through the metaphor of a football match when Jan Gogola, with its characters, movies himself a teammate, as well as defensively. It gives goals with their situations as well as occasionally digging his opponents ankles.
Jan Gogola ml. thus embodies one stage of the Department of Documentary Film at FAMU, which often stands at the intersection between teaching activities and Karel Vachek among students who applied by them during their seminars psychological methods that work must be peculiarly associated with the author of the film
Dr. Jan French – Faculty Author Interview
No full textDr. Jan French, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, discusses her new book, Legalizing Identities: Becoming Black or Indian in Brazil’s Northeast, which shows how law can successfully serve as the impetus for the transformation of cultural practices and collective identity
Fungal heavy metal adaptation through single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy‐number variation
No full textHuman-altered environments can shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi are no exception, although little is known about how they withstand anthropogenic pollution. Here, we document adaptation in the mycorrhizal fungusSuillus luteusdriven by soil heavy metal contamination. Genome scans across individuals from recently polluted and nearby unpolluted soils in Belgium revealed low divergence across isolates and no evidence of population structure based on soil type. However, we detected single nucleotide polymorphism divergence and gene copy-number variation, with different genetic combinations potentially conferring the ability to persist in contaminated soils. Variants were shared across the population but found to be under selection in isolates exposed to pollution and located across the genome, including in genes involved in metal exclusion, storage, immobilization and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Together, our results point toS. luteusundergoing the initial steps of adaptive divergence and contribute to understanding the processes underlying local adaptation under strong environmental selection.Joint Genome Institute Community Science Program, Grant/Award Number: 502931; NSF, Grant/Award Number: DEB-1554181; Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurships PhD fellowship, Grant/Award Number: 141461; Hawaii's Agricultural Experiment Station; Montana's Agricultural Experiment Station; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: G079213NBranco, S (corresponding author), Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
Bazzicalupo, AL (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[email protected]; [email protected]
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